基于纳米发电机调控介电弹性体电致形变的机理与应用研究

The output characteristics from triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) is high output voltage and low output current, while the operation of dielectric elastomer (DE) needs a very high driving voltage. With the consideration of these facts, we proposed the research plan of the combination of both TENG and the DE devices. In this project, TENG can collect the mechanical energy in the ambient environment and then directly drive the DE device to show the shape deformation by using the collected energy. For the theoretical analysis, we will combine the displacement current model of TENG and the viscoelastic model of DE and study the dynamic characteristics of the TENG-DE system. The interaction between the material properties of DE (viscoelastic properties, dielectric properties, insulation performance and so on) and the output characteristics of TENG (charge transfer, electrostatic field relaxation and so on) will be systematically studied and the energy conversion mechanism of the TENG-DE system will also be clarified. Based on the physical analysis and experimental observation, both TENG and DE device will be optimized, in order to realize an efficient and stable TENG-DE system. Finally, a series of application prototypes will be demonstrated in the field of wearable micro actuator, optical control system and so on, which can show the possible application perspective of this TENG-DE system. This project can bring a new approach for solving the problem of high driving voltage for DE devices and it can also promote the development of self-powered micro electro mechanical systems and flexible electronic devices. Thus, it has considerable scientific significance and application value.

本课题利用摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）高输出电压和低输出电流的特性，结合介电弹性体（DE）器件对高电压的需求，提出了通过TENG收集能量，直接驱动并调控DE电致形变的研究思路。通过将TENG的位移电流模型与DE的粘弹性模型相互衔接，实现对复合系统动态特性的仿真分析。研究DE的材料性能(粘弹性能、介电性能、绝缘性能等) 与TENG输出特性（电荷转移，静电场弛豫等）的关联作用，阐明外界输入的机械能在这两个电容型器件之间转移与转化的机制。基于物理解析和实验观测，分别在复合系统的结构设计、起电界面修饰以及匹配电路等方面进行优化研究，实现对DE器件高效而稳定的驱动。最后，基于两种技术的结合，在可穿戴微驱动器，柔性电子器件以及光学调控系统等方向，展示一些新的应用。本课题可以提供一个新思路去解决DE器件驱动电压过高的问题，促进其实用化发展，也能推进自驱动式微纳器件在柔性电子领域的应用，具有重要的研究价值。

申请人围绕纳米发电机在自驱动微机械系统领域的基础科学问题和应用技术难题，开展了纳米发电机与介电弹性体材料相结合实现自驱动的微机械系统的研究方向。本项目以电荷传导的机理解析以及摩擦起电材料的起电物理机制为研究基础，开发高性能的摩擦起电材料，同时兼具功能性的拓展，进而制备高性能的摩擦纳米发电机器件。之后，以高性能的摩擦纳米发电器件为基础，拓展了纳米发电机在人工肌肉、弹性机电系统以及虚拟触觉领域的应用。本项目的主要研究目标已经全部完成。本项目建立的Maxwell－Wagner 物理模型可以作为机理分析的基础手段，帮助我们通过观测和分析自驱动微纳系统中界面电荷的传输过程，深入解析了电荷在界面的行为特性。同时，我们基于原子外层电子云分布的研究思路，建立了解释摩擦起电的新的物理模型，指导我们发展了从分子尺度设计和开发起电材料的新思路，开发了高性能且兼具多功能的摩擦发电材料，最终多个材料的性能都达到了发表时的最高性能。最终，本项目将摩擦纳米发电机与介电弹性体材料相结合，设计了自驱动的柔性执行器和动态的盲文显示器。该项目的理论探索和实验指标均已达到预期目标。此外，我们进一步拓展了研究的范围，将同样的高性能发电模块应用在了虚拟触觉和便携式高压电源等方向。