褐煤蜡树脂生态化利用物质基础和生化改性研究

Large amount of montan resin is generated as by-product during production of refined montan wax from montan wax. Due to lack of research about scientific disposal and rational utilization for a long time, montan resin has hindered industrial upgrading of the lignite industry seriously and triggered a series of problems on environmental pollution. Our previous investigations on the biological function and chemical constitutions have discovered montan resin contained many terpenoids, steroids, lignins, etc., and showed obvious effects on promoting growth of the crops, suggestting that montan resin possesses greatly valuable in terms of ecological exploitation. The objective of this project is to clarify the material base of montan resin for ecological utilization using modern chemical technology and establish qualitative and quantitative methods with IR, GC-MS, NMR, HPLC-ELSD, improve the water solubility of insoluble material, such as lignins, by methods of biochemical modification and optimize that methods by the help of biological experiments, analyze constituents of unmodified and modified montan resin to elucidate the modification mechanism. Furthermore, other montan resin from different regions and their modified products will be analyzed and evaluated for their biological function in order to evaluate feasibility of qualitative, quantitative, and modified methods. This project not only makes a scientific research on ecological utilization of montan resin for the first time, but also provides theoretical basis for green and sustainable development of the coal resources, and establishes an important foundation for the industrial upgrading of the lignite in China.

褐煤蜡树脂是生产精制褐煤蜡过程中从粗蜡里脱除的大量副产物。由于长期缺乏科学研究，无法合理处置和利用的褐煤蜡树脂已严重阻碍了褐煤的产业升级，并引发环境污染问题。前期研究表明：褐煤蜡树脂中存在大量萜甾类和木质素类物质，可有效促进农作物生长，颇具生态化开发潜力。本研究拟运用现代化学方法及GC-MS、IR、NMR、HPLC-ELSD等现代分析技术，对褐煤蜡树脂进行系统化学成分研究，阐明其生态化利用物质基础，建立其中萜甾类成分分析定量方法；针对其中木质素类等水溶性较差成分，以生物学实验为指导，进行化学和微生物改性研究及方法优化，分析改性前后产物成分变化，阐明改性机理；采集多个产地褐煤蜡树脂进行改性及功能研究，科学评价改性方法可行性，有效探索褐煤蜡树脂生态化利用途径，为实现我国褐煤资源的绿色可持续发展提供理论依据，也为褐煤蜡产业价值的提升奠定重要前期基础。

褐煤蜡树脂是生产精制褐煤蜡过程中从粗蜡里脱除的大量副产物，具有极性小，水溶性差，性状粘稠等特点，迄今无法合理处置和利用。本项目通过分析褐煤蜡树脂的化学成分，建立和优化生化改性方法，并对改性机制和改性产物的功能进行研究，以期探索行之有效的褐煤蜡树脂生态化利用新途径。.化学成分分析显示，褐煤蜡树脂中主要含有链烃、芳香烃、稠环芳烃、饱和甾体等。这些物质含氧度低，极性小，生物活性差。为改变褐煤蜡树脂物理化学性质，我们采用环保型氧化剂对其进行化学改性，并对该方法进行了优化。同时，根据其化学成分分析结果，从多种微生物中筛选出4种菌种可对褐煤蜡树脂进行有效生物改性。油水分配系数（Kow）分析表明，通过化学及微生物改性后，褐煤蜡树脂的粘度下降，亲水性显著提高。运用元素分析、IR和GC-MS分析方法对改性前后树脂化学成分进行研究，结果发现，改性后树脂中氧元素增加，含氧官能变多，说明改性后树脂的亲水性提高与改性过程中褐煤蜡树脂的化学成分发生氧化有关。生物活性测试结果显示：改性后树脂较改性前树脂具有更好的促进小麦和玉米种子萌发和生长的作用。.本项目的实施与完成，为褐煤蜡树脂的环保回收、农用开发及农业生态化利用提供了可能，也为实现我国褐煤资源的绿色可持续发展奠定了前期基础。