典型非法药物在焚烧处置过程中的降解机理研究

Drug abuse is a severe problem in China. According to ‘China Drug Report’ over the past several years, the seized illicit drugs (IDs) gradually increased year by year, and its amount reached up to 102 tons in 2015, which is a very considerable amount. The IDs are mainly disposed by incineration, while the concentrations of the reaction products and the formation mechanisms during the incineration process are not clearly understood. Methamphetamine and ketamine, the two typical IDs widely abused in China, are selected as the target compounds in this study to investigate their degradation mechanisms during the incineration. By altering the experimental parameters including oxygen concentration, reaction residence time and temperature, the degradation processes will be simulated and investigated in both incineration and outdoor conditions. The toxic reaction products formed during the IDs incineration will be identified and quantified as well. The quantum chemistry calculation together with the experimental results will be employed in this study to work out the products formation mechanisms. This study will reveal the degradation mechanisms of the two IDs and the concentrations of the toxic products formed during the incineration, and provide scientific basis for estimating the potential health risks to both humans and the surrounding environment around the incineration area.

目前，我国非法药物（毒品）滥用问题日趋严重。根据历年“中国毒品形势报告”，毒品缴获量逐年增加，2015年达102吨，数量十分可观。非法药物主要采用焚烧法销毁，但焚烧过程中污染物的降解途径及其产物的生成机理尚不清楚。本项目选择我国使用量和缴获量较多的甲基苯丙胺和氯胺酮这两种非法药物为研究对象，研究焚烧过程中它们的降解机理及影响因素。通过改变氧气浓度、停留时间和焚烧温度等关键参数，室内模拟目标污染物在焚烧炉和露天焚烧条件下的降解情况，并解析此过程中生成的有毒有害污染物浓度。利用实验室研究与量子化学计算相结合的方法，揭示非法药物焚烧过程中有毒有害污染物的生成路径。本项目开展的典型非法药物在焚烧过程中的降解机理研究，可为评估非法药物焚烧处置场地周边环境及人体健康风险提供科学依据。

目前，我国非法药物（毒品）滥用问题日趋严重。根据历年“中国毒品形势报告”，毒品缴获量逐年增加，数量十分可观。非法药物主要采用焚烧法销毁，本项目选择我国使用量和缴获量较多的甲基苯丙胺和氯胺酮这两种非法药物为研究对象，研究焚烧过程中它们的降解机理及影响因素。通过改变氧气浓度、停留时间和焚烧温度等关键参数，室内模拟目标污染物在焚烧炉和露天焚烧条件下的降解情况。实验结果显示，氯胺酮在无氧热解过程中，利用GC-MS检测到13种VOC/SVOC产物，其中氯苯甲醛及苯并呋喃等为二噁英的前导物，浓度在575oC时刻达到峰值，分别为66ug/L和10ug/L；在氧气浓度为10%的条件下，氯胺酮热解产物种类与无氧条件下类似，但苯甲醛类、氯苄腈类产物浓度显著降低，苯并呋喃浓度升高（峰值为16ug/L, 575゜C）。甲基苯丙胺在氧气浓度为10%的条件下，热解生成产物以萘、苄腈、乙基苯、乙基醇为主，除萘以外，其他产物均在625oC时达到峰值。实验结果可为评估非法药物焚烧处置场地周边环境及人体健康风险提供科学依据。由上述实验结果可知，在焚烧过程中，增大通风量以补充氧气，适时翻搅焚烧物以增加与氧气接触面积，控制焚烧反应温度不低于750oC,都是能够避免焚烧过程中生成VOC/SVOC等二次污染物的有效方法，为进一步开发新型非法药物降解技术提供借鉴。