家族参与对组织二元性及其价值效应的影响机制研究：基于社会情感财富视角

In increasingly turbulent and competitive environments, the basic problem confronting an organization is to engage in sufficient exploitation to ensure its current viability and, at the same time, devote enough energy to exploration to ensure future success. In other words, a successful firm should be ambidextrous or be an ambidextrous organization. However, because of their competing logics, it is difficult for organizations to keep the two processes in balance and to achieve ambidexterity. Family firms are the dominant organizational form around the world, and they are usually inclined to pursue long-term oriented objectives. However, there is a similar saying all over the world that“from shirt sleeves to shirt sleeves in three generations”, which implies that not all family firms are likely to pursue ambidexterity, and not all family firms pursuing ambidexterity can successfully achieve such state and finally obtain expected rents from it. Consequently, we would like to ask: Which family firms are more likely to pursue ambidexterity? and, In what conditions family firms could accomplish organizational ambidexterity and successfully realize its beneficial effects? In this project, we will firstly analyze and examine the mechanisms underlying the relationship between family ownership and organizational ambidexterity from the socioemotional wealth perspective, then we will try to indentify the representative modes Chinese family firms usually adopt in balancing the exploitative and explorative activities, and uncovering the adaptation mechanisms for balancing the need for both exploration and exploitation. At the same time, we also want to investigate the effects of organizational ambidexterity on firm performance in family managed firms. In so doing, this project makes important contributions to both the literature of organizational ambidexterity and family business. In specific, it contributes to the organizational ambidexterity literature by enhancing our knowledge of its antecedents, and the boundary conditions of its value effects. Meanwhile, it makes contribution to the family business literature by offering new insights into the sources of heterogeneity among the population of family firms.

在日益复杂和动荡的竞争环境中，企业要想获得持续竞争优势必须逐步将自己打造成为二元性组织，即不仅要保持对现有竞争力的挖掘和利用，还要保持对新机会和新竞争力的持续探索。可是，由于探索和利用活动之间的逻辑冲突，任何组织想要实现二元性都非易事。家族企业作为世界各地经济发展和社会进步的重要推动力量，倾向于追求长期导向的目标，可又往往难逃“富不过三代”的魔咒。那么，究竟什么样的家族企业更有可能追求二元导向？在什么样的条件下家族企业更可能成功地实现二元性并获得持续竞争优势？针对这两个理论谜题，本课题聚焦中国家族企业，从社会情感财富视角分析和检验家族所有权对组织二元性的影响机制，归纳并揭示家族企业追求二元性的方式及其实现机理，同时还将考察家族管理情境下组织二元性的价值效应。这些研究工作，对丰富和拓展组织二元性的前因、辨别和厘清组织二元性价值效应的边界、以及识别和分析家族企业异质性的来源，都将大有裨益。

在日益复杂和动荡的竞争环境中，企业要想获得持续竞争优势必须逐步将自己打造成为二元性组织，即不仅要保持对现有竞争力的挖掘和利用，还要保持对新机会和新竞争力的持续探索。可是，由于探索和利用活动之间的逻辑冲突，任何组织想要实现二元性都非易事。家族企业作为世界各地经济发展和社会进步的重要推动力量，倾向于追求长期导向的目标，可又往往难逃“富不过三代”的魔咒。那么，究竟什么样的家族企业更有可能追求二元导向？在什么样的条件下家族企业更可能成功地实现二元性并获得持续竞争优势？针对这两个理论谜题，本课题聚焦中国家族企业，从社会情感财富视角分析和检验家族所有权对组织二元性的影响机制，归纳并揭示家族企业追求二元性的方式及其实现机理，同时还将考察家族管理情境下组织二元性的价值效应。. 为实现课题研究目标，课题组首先基于科学研究范式视角，对组织二元性研究中的核心理论文献做出系统梳理和分析，提出未来主要发展方向。在此基础上，利用来自367家中国家族企业的样本，分析并实证检验了SEW不同维度对企业战略行为产生的不同影响。进一步，课题组又从时间导向视角，对家族追求SEW影响企业二元性的内在机制进行了探索，来自500余家企业的经验证据表明，家族对SEW的追求在不同情境下会给企业带来不同水平的长期导向，并进而会对组织二元性产生不一样的影响。最后，课题组基于资源观视角，利用356家中国民营企业的数据，系统分析并检验了组织二元性对企业财务绩效的影响，以及这种影响在管理规范化、财务冗余和家族管理三种情境下的效应变化。. 这些研究成果，对丰富和拓展组织二元性的前因、辨别和厘清组织二元性价值效应的边界条件都有很好的推动作用，同时也有助于家族企业研究者更好地从SEW视角理解家族参与造成企业战略行为异质性的内在机制。