基于膜蒸馏技术的低放废液浓缩液进一步减量化研究

This study aims to solve the scientific problems involving in the minimization of brine from low-level radioactive wastewater (LLRW) treatment, proposing membrane distillation (MD) as the core process following reverse osmosis (RO) to further concentrate brine. In this study, we will reveal the laws of different radionuclides removal based on in-depth analysis of LLRW and identification of the form of radionuclides. The mechanisms involved in mass transfer and heat transfer during MD process as well as formation of membrane fouling or hydrophilization will be discussed after investigating the membrane properties under long-term radiation environment. Moreover, the phenomena of volatile organic compounds entrained radionuclides (VOCER), especially extreme trace levels of VOCER will be elaborated. The role of MD in preventing VOCER and guaranteeing the decontamination factor of radionuclides, plus its functional mechanism will be further illustrated. Through this study, we expect to obtain the optimized operating conditions for MD process, to provide technical solution for minimization of brine from LLRW treatment varying a wide range of requirements for different purposes, to achieve the effective convergence between pretreatment of RO process and final disposal of curing and stabilization process, resulting in the reduction of brine to meet the principle of waste minimization in nuclear industry and contribution in basic theory and techniques of environmental protection and sustainable development of the nuclear industry.

本项目以研究低放废液浓缩液进一步减量所亟需解决的科学问题为目标，为利用膜蒸馏作为与反渗透工艺匹配的后续浓缩液进一步减量化的核心工艺提供基础科学理论支持。研究中，在深入分析鉴别低放废液浓缩液核素形态基础上，揭示不同核素的去除规律；研究长期辐照环境下的膜组件性能，探讨低放废液浓缩液处理的膜蒸馏过程的传质、传热机制以及膜蒸馏过程的膜污染（亲水化）形成机制，探明挥发性有机物夹带核素，尤其是极痕量级别的挥发性有机物夹带核素现象以及膜蒸馏工艺在解决该关键科学问题保障核素离子去污因子方面发挥的作用并深入解析其机理。通过研究，优化膜蒸馏工艺操作条件，为应对核工业低放废液浓缩液处理需求提供技术手段的科学基础理论支持，促进膜蒸馏有效衔接前置的反渗透等膜法工艺和后置的固化稳定化工艺，实现浓缩液进一步减量化，以满足核工业废物小量化原则。

本项目以研究低放废液浓缩液进一步减量所亟需解决的科学问题为目标，为利用膜蒸馏作为与反渗透工艺匹配的后续浓缩液进一步减量化的核心工艺提供基础科学理论支持。研究中，在深入分析鉴别低放废液浓缩液核素形态基础上，揭示不同核素的去除规律；研究长期辐照环境下的膜组件性能，探讨低放废液浓缩液处理的膜蒸馏过程的传质、传热机制以及膜蒸馏过程的膜污染（亲水化）形成机制，探明挥发性有机物夹带核素，尤其是极痕量级别的挥发性有机物夹带核素现象以及膜蒸馏工艺在解决该关键科学问题保障核素离子去污因子方面发挥的作用并深入解析其机理。通过研究，优化膜蒸馏工艺操作条件，为应对核工业低放废液浓缩液处理需求提供技术手段的科学基础理论支持，促进膜蒸馏有效衔接前置的反渗透等膜法工艺和后置的固化稳定化工艺，实现浓缩液进一步减量化，以满足核工业废物小量化原则。