海洋时变空变信道水声网络不指定路径的稳健路由机理

It is the unique complex underwater environment that causes the time varied and space varied features, random link disruption, and unreliable asymmetric links of underwater acoustic channel, leading to serious packet dropping, packet retransmission and energy exhaustion. To accelerate the development of the ocean underwater acoustic networking, considering the limited energy supply of each node, we study the robust reliable routing scheme for underwater acoustic networks. Firstly, the impact of the complex time varied and space varied featured underwater acoustic channel on routing in underwater acoustic networks is studied in depth. Secondly, to avoid the phenomena of passing packets to a wrong or outdated route that occurs in the preassigned-route based routing schemes, the unassigned-route based robust routing for underwater acoustic networks over random disrupted and asymmetric acoustic links is proposed. Thirdly, based on the fact that the energy consumption of route discovery is proportional to the retransmission redundency of route request packet, an energy efficient route discovery model is established in this project. Then the impact of communication distance of underwater acoustic channel on the robustness of underwater acoustic network routing schemes is studied. Finally the lowest energy consumed routing algorithm is established utilizing the sonar equation. The establishment of project is significant for the enhancement of underwater information acquiring and maritime monitor networks establishment.

恶劣海洋环境造成水声信道的时变与空变特性，使声信道时断时续并出现双向非对称链路，导致网络各层产生过多的丢包、重传与能耗，严重恶化水声网络性能。应海洋水下空间声网络技术发展的迫切需要，结合网络结点能量受限，本项目对水声网络稳健路由机理进行深入研究。研究内容包括：（1）研究水声信道的时变与空变特性，分析随机通断、非对称声链路对路由的影响；（2）提出基于随机通断、非对称链路的水声网络不指定路径的稳健路由机制，解决海洋时变空变声信道造成预先获取的拓扑与指定的路径信息快速过时，将数据转发到错误、不可达的路径上，恶化网络性能的问题；（3）基于路由发现能耗正比于路由请求分组的转发冗余，建立低能耗路由发现模型；（4）研究海洋水声通信传输距离对水声网络路由稳健性的影响，结合跨层设计思想，提出基于声纳方程的最佳路由算法。通过本项目的研究，为增强水下空间信息感知能力和建立海洋监测网提供有力支持。

恶劣海洋环境造成水声信道的时变与空变特性，使声信道时断时续并出现双向非对称链路，导致网络各层产生过多的丢包、重传与能耗，严重恶化水声网络性能。应海洋水下空间声网络技术发展的迫切需要，结合网络结点能量受限，本项目对水声网络稳健路由机理进行深入研究。主要内容包括：（1）研究了水声信道的时变与空变特性，分析了随机通断、非对称声链路对路由的影响；（2）为解决路由发现过程中广播路由请求给水声网络带来过大的转播冗余与能耗的问题，基于路由发现能耗正比于路由请求分组的转发冗余，提出了高效广播算法；（3）研究了低能耗路由发现与中继结点的自动选择机制，提出了不指定路径稳健路由机制；（4）结合跨层设计思想，提出了基于声纳方程的最低路径能耗路由算法。在上述研究成果的基础上形成了基于随机通断、非对称链路的水声网络不指定路径的稳健路由机制，解决了海洋时变空变声信道造成预先获取的拓扑与指定的路径信息快速过时，将数据转发到错误、不可达的路径上，恶化网络性能的问题。理论分析和仿真研究表明与经典动态源路由机制相比，本项目提出的路由机制能够大大降低路由开销和能耗，有效提高水声网络组网性能。通过本项目的研究，为增强水下空间信息感知能力和建立海洋监测网提供有力支持。其研究成果可应用在海洋监测、海洋资源开发、水下目标探测、海洋环境保护和灾情监测与预报等领域。