基于石墨烯/功能化核酸分子水凝胶的水中抗生素特异性比色传感方法

In view of the serious antibiotics pollution in China, it is of great significance to develop novel sensors for their in situ, high-throughput, highly selective, highly sensitive and rapid analysis. The development of nanotechnology and molecular biology opens new opportunities for the design of novel sensors. This project aims at fabricating a novel unlabeled hydrogel-based colorimetric sensor, which combines with the unique properties of graphene, the excellent recognition ability of functional nucleic acids and the advantages of noble metal nanoparticles/hydrogel-based colorimetric sensor, in order to realizing highly sensitive, highly selective and rapid analysis for trace antibiotics pollutants in natural aqueous environment. The main research includes the preparation, characterization, sensing performance and recognition optimization of graphene/functional nucleic acid-noble metal nanoparticle-based hydrogel colorimetric sensor, and the illustration of the relationship between the microscopic structure of the sensor, the preparation methods and the recognition performance. This research will provide a powerful technique in the detection of trace antibiotics in natural water environment under the combined pollution conditions, and play an important role in the study of chemical properties and risk assessment of antibiotics pollutants, especially the early warning of environmental pollution emergencies and further guaranteeing the drinking water security.

我国水体中抗生素污染形势严重，研究发展相关传感技术，实现对痕量抗生素污染物原位、高通量、高灵敏性、高选择性和快速分析具有重要意义。本研究旨在结合石墨烯材料独特的结构和性质、功能化核酸分子的特异性识别能力、水凝胶比色传感器的检测性能、以及贵金属纳米颗粒的可视化传感性能，通过构建石墨烯/功能化核酸分子水凝胶，制备新型水凝胶比色传感器，实现复合污染条件下水中典型痕量抗生素的高灵敏性、高选择性、快速分析。主要研究内容包括石墨烯/功能化核酸分子-贵金属纳米颗粒水凝胶比色传感器的制备、表征、检测性能及识别条件优化，并通过上述研究阐明该传感器的微观结构、制备方法与识别性能之间的关系。本研究将为我国复合污染条件下，水中痕量抗生素的检测提供重要技术支撑，对复合污染条件下抗生素污染物环境化学性质研究及风险评价，尤其是突发环境污染事件预警，保障我国饮用水安全具有重要意义。

我国水体中抗生素及其复合污染形势严峻，研究并发展新的传感技术，实现污染物的原位、高灵敏性、高选择性和快速分析具有重要意义。日益发展的纳米技术和分子生物学技术为传感器的发展提供了新的思路。本项目结合石墨烯基材料和生物分子识别技术，开发了一系列基于石墨烯-特异性适配体的比色/荧光传感方法，以及基于石墨烯宏观三维结构石墨烯水凝胶-特异性适配体的比色/荧光传感方法，实现了水体中抗生素污染物的高速、灵敏、特异性的检测。进一步探索了该方法的通用性，通过更换识别元件实现了对其他目标物的检测，提升了该传感方法的适用领域和实际意义。在石墨烯水凝胶传感检测性能评价过程中，结合石墨烯水凝胶的优异吸附性能，提出了基于石墨烯/植酸复合水凝胶吸附去除水体中重金属的净化技术，具有高效、易分离、避免二次污染等优异特征。本研究结果可为水中痕量抗生素的检测提供重要技术支撑，对复合污染条件下抗生素污染物的环境行为研究及风险评价，尤其是突发环境污染事件预警，保障我国饮水安全具有重要意义。