非晶复合材料设计和调控制备的科学基础

The application of metallic glass composites contain in-situ formed dendrites in the fields of aerospace, defense industry and communication electronic equipment will be constrained due to the microstructure undsignable and uncontrolled. The precipitation behaviors of the dendrite as well as its relationship with the amorphous phase will be carefully studied during the solidification process. The underlying thermodynamic and kinetic mechanism will be illustrated. The formation mechanism of amorphous alloy composites containing dendrites will be understood deeply. Furthermore, the relationship among the microstructure, mechanical properties and solidification controls will be studied to disclose fundamentals of design and solidification control during the preparation of amorphous alloy composite. A technology of preparing the composite with the shape and the well combination of microstructure and mechanical properties will be setup accordingly. On this basis, the parts of excellent performance will be made. The results will enrich the basic theories of design and preparation of amorphous material with solidification control, and promote the development of the discipline itself. On the other hand, it will promote the progress of the preparation of advanced materials and shaping techniques, and lay a solid foundation for the development of China's national defense and economic construction and other fields.

针对非晶复合材料构件的结构不可设计和可控制备难等问题，开展非晶复合材料设计和调控制备理论研究。阐明非晶复合材料制备凝固过程中析出相与非晶相两者之间的相互依存关系和成分稳定性内在机制，揭示非晶复合材料制备凝固过程中组织结构调控规律，发展非晶复合材料设计方法和调控制备成形基础理论，突破非晶复合材料控形（形状、非晶形成）—控构—控性一体化制备技术，制备出高性能非晶复合材料构件，为非晶复合材料在国防军工和国民经济建设等领域的实际应用奠定坚实的基础。

非晶复合材料具有优异的综合性能和广阔的应用前景。外加增强相非晶复合材料结构可控，但在增强相与非晶基体界面处会发生合金元素的扩散和界面反应，使基体非晶形成能力降低、增强相性能恶化，导致非晶复合材料的性能提升有限。内生增强相非晶复合材料界面结合良好，综合性能优异，但难以实现微观组织结构设计和可控制备。本项目拟综合内生与外加增强相非晶复合材料的优点，开展非晶复合材料的设计和调控制备的科学基础研究，深入理解内生枝晶相非晶复合材料的形成机理，建立非晶材料控形—控构—控性一体化制备技术，制备出性能优异的相关构件。本项目已经完成了计划书中的研究内容，实现了预期目标。研究了熔化浇铸温度、冷却速率和半固态处理对TiZr基非晶复合材料中析出相和基体非晶形成的影响，阐明了非晶复合材料制备凝固过程中析出相与非晶相两者之间的相互依存关系和成分稳定性内在机制；研究了非晶合金熔体与析出相之间的液固交互作用，合金组分和第二相溶解平衡关系，给出了溶解动力学方程，阐明了非晶合金熔体与析出相之间液固交互作用规律和成分稳定性之间的关系；根据TiZr基非晶复合材料中两相相互依存关系和成分稳定性的规律，建立了非晶复合材料控形—控构—控性一体化制备技术，成功设计并制备出增强相体积分数可控的非晶复合材料，通过在非晶合金中外加不同形态结构的预制体的方法设计并制备出具有内生界面结构的非晶复合材料和具有外加/内生双增强相的非晶复合材料，提高了非晶复合材料的性能；采用高温熔体浇铸、高温熔体压力浸渗和精密铸造成形等方法成功制备出复杂形状的非晶复合材料构件。已取得的研究结果丰富了非晶材料和复合材料的基础知识，对于非晶复合材料的设计、制备过程控制和性能提高，进而促进其应用具有重要意义。