更扁还是更圆？基于分子系统发育与micro-CT测量的筒隐翅虫体形进化趋势与速率推断

This project is a study concentrated on the problem of evolutionary biology---insect body evolution and adaptation, which are exhibited in the rove beetle subfamily Osoriinae (mainly the genus Prochirus s.l. of very flat body and the Osorrius of cylindrical body, as two representative extremes of the beetle body variation spectrum). X-ray micro-CT and high level light stereomicroscopes of imaging technology are used to observe body structures; morphometrics are used to analyze body morphologcial variations in close-related taxa living in the similar or same habitats (under dead wood barks) but display different trends of evolution and special functions of ecological adaptation. Molecular phylogenetic trees are to be constructed as the basis of the comparative studies and the biomechanics analyses proposed in the project. Morphological evolutionary models (Brownian model or Ornstein- Uhlenbeck model) are to be tested and the evolutionary rates are to be estimated. The project study is expected to contribute positive results that may help us to understand the mechanism of evolution and adaptation in a close-related beetle group and to unravel the complicated impact of this kind of evolution on specie diversification and speciation of mega-diverse beetles.

拟申请的项目，瞄准当前进化生物学理论研究的热点问题--昆虫体形进化与适应机制，以筒隐翅虫亚科Osoriinae为对象（重点是平扁形的方胸隐翅虫属Prochirus s. l.和圆柱形的筒隐翅虫属Osorrius），采用X光micro-CT技术和高精度光学成像技术，用几何形态测量方法分析类群近缘、生境相同条件下的甲虫形态结构、体形变化趋势和特定形态功能，以分子系统发育树作为基础和对比模板，开展近缘类群形态结构的生物力学分析，确立体形进化模型（Brownian模型或Ornstein- Uhlenbeck模型），估算进化速率，以期解决类群近缘、生境相同、但体形适应趋势不同所代表的科学问题，揭示相关的生物进化机制，探索这种机制对甲虫物种分化规律的影响。

这个面上项目，是本研究组长期研究隐翅虫科分类与系统学的阶段性内容。甲虫是所有动物中物种最丰富的门类，而隐翅虫科是鞘翅目多食亚目的三大支系之一，全球已记录有6.5万余种，是分类、系统学、进化与多样性格局研究的重要类群。本项目通过研究隐翅虫科的形态结构和功能，瞄准昆虫体形及生殖器的进化与适应，重点是筒隐翅虫亚科，包括平扁形的方胸隐翅虫属Prochirus s.l.和圆柱形的筒隐翅虫属Osorrius，同时也兼顾其他隐翅虫大类。在技术上，采用X光micro-CT技术和高精度光学成像技术，以系统发育树作为基础和对比模板，研究近缘类群在同质生境条件下的形态结构分化趋势。若干特大属如Ocypus s.l.及Stenus也取得相应的进展，两栖甲全方位micro-CT形态研究正式发表。项目执行期四年，完成了各项计划任务指标：发表直接标注项目号的SCI收录论文30余篇，培养研究生6名（5名获博士学位，1名获硕士学位），博士后出站4名。这在期间，项目主持人连任国际动物命名委员会委员、国际ZOOBANK委员会委员，应邀担任ZOOTAXA杂志编委。