In recent years, early spontaneous abortion has become a major problem that threatens women's reproductive health. Current research indicates that functional integrity of trophoblast cells plays an important role in the entire pregnancy process. GDF15 is a cytokine that is highly expressed in trophoblast cells, and its function and mechanism in trophoblast cells, especially mitochondrial homeostasis, are unclear. Our previous study confirmed that GDF15 is low in trophoblast cells and peripheral serum of early spontaneous abortion women; Knockout of GDF15 in trophoblast cell lines HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 promotes ubiquitination of MFN2,promotes mitochondrial fusion, while decreased GDF15 causes inhibition of AKT1/mTORC1 pathway activity. We hypothesized that GDF15 promotes ubiquitination of MFN2 via the AKT1/mTORC1 signaling pathway and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis in trophoblast cells. Therefore, this project aims to explore the biological functions of GDF15 in trophoblast cells and its related molecular mechanisms through clinical pathology, in vitro cell and animal models, and to provide the new theoretical basis and research direction of GDF15 in the etiology and diagnosis of early spontaneous abortion.
近年来,早期自然流产越来越成为危害妇女生殖健康的重大问题。目前研究表明滋养叶细胞的功能完整对于整个妊娠过程具有重要作用。GDF15作为滋养叶细胞中特异性高表达的细胞因子,其在滋养叶细胞中的功能尤其是线粒体稳态方面的作用及机制尚不清楚。我们的前期研究证实:GDF15在早期自然流产妇女的滋养叶细胞和外周血清中均呈现低表达;在滋养叶细胞系HTR-8/SVneo和JEG-3中敲除GDF15可促进MFN2泛素化增加,促进线粒体融合,同时GDF15降低引起AKT1/mTORC1通路活性被抑制。我们推测:GDF15通过AKT1/mTORC1信号通路促进MFN2的泛素化降解,维持滋养叶细胞中线粒体稳态平衡。因此,本项目旨在通过临床病理、体外细胞、动物模型等多层面探索GDF15在滋养叶细胞中的生物学功能及其作用的相关分子机制,为GDF15在早期自然流产中的病因学和诊断学方面提供新的理论依据和研究方向。
囊胚着床伴随滋养叶细胞的发育是妊娠建立的关键事件。流产通常是指自然妊娠丢失,包括胎盘功能紊乱等多种病理事件。生长分化因子15 (Growth differentiation factor 15, GDF15)又称胎盘骨形态发生蛋白(placental bone morphogenetic protein, PLAB),属于转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)超家族。GDF15是一种分泌蛋白,在孕妇滋养叶组织和血清中大量表达。孕妇血清中GDF15的降低与流产风险相关。然而,GDF15在滋养叶组织中的作用至今仍不清楚。本研究通过免疫组化和ELISA检测发现,流产孕妇滋养叶组织和血清中GDF15水平明显低于活产孕妇。通过crispsr基因编辑,GDF15基因敲除小鼠的胚胎吸收与GDF15基因缺失有关。此外,GDF15还能促进HTR-8/SVneo和JEG3细胞的迁移和侵袭能力。在机制上,GDF15通过增加Smad1/5的磷酸化诱导迁移和侵袭,导致SNAI1/2、VIMENTIN上调,E-CADHERIN下调。双荧光素酶报告实验证实,GDF15/Smad5信号通路转录调控Smad结合元件(SBE)和/或富含GC基序,激活靶基因如SNAI1/2、SERPINE1和TIMP3。因此,该研究的数据都揭示了GDF15通过上调TGF-β/Smad1/5通路的活性且在滋养层侵袭中起着至关重要的作用,暗示了其在胎儿丢失中的潜在作用。本研究揭示了GDF15在滋养叶细胞中的重要作用,GDF15缺乏造成滋养叶细胞侵袭不足导致早期妊娠丢失,其致病机制为自然流产的诊疗提供了新的方向和靶点。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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