基于光纤惯性的航母着舰区域甲板变形精确测量技术研究

Shipboarding is a vital technology that affects the operational efficiency of aircraft carriers, and the deformation of the landing zone of the ship will cause the spatial reference of the automatic landing system to be out of tune. It will also bring errors to the compensation of the deck movement of the aircraft carrier when the carrier is on board, which is directly related to the safety of the shipboard aircraft. There are still some key scientific issues that need to be addressed in the current accurate measurement of deck deformation in the landing area. On the one hand, there is still a lack of targeted research and analysis on the basic problems of the existing ship's deformation angle model in the typical region and the influence of the error of the fiber optic gyro inertial measurement unit information on the measurement accuracy. On the other hand, the unknown noise characteristics of the system and the influence of the diversity of frequency characteristics on the accuracy of deformation angle estimation in complex sea conditions have yet to be further analyzed and studied. This topic focuses on accurate modeling of the deformation angle of the landing zone of the ship's area, improvement of the temperature adaptability of the inertial measurement unit in complex marine environment, nonlinear deformation estimation of the ship's area deck under the uncertainty of noise characteristics, the accurate tracking and measurement of the dynamic deformation angle of the landing area under complex sea conditions, and other aspects, builds a test system and completes technical verification. It has important theoretical and practical value for the development of aircraft carrier accurate and autonomous landing technology.

舰载机着舰是影响航母作战效率的一项至关重要的技术，而着舰区域甲板变形会导致自动着舰系统的空间基准出现失调，并会对舰载机着舰时航母甲板运动的补偿带来误差，直接关系着舰载机着舰安全。当前针对于着舰区域甲板变形的精确测量还存在一些关键科学问题有待解决：一方面，已有的整船变形角模型在典型区域的适用性以及光纤惯性信息受甲板温度影响产生的误差对测量精度的影响等基础问题上还缺乏针对性的研究与分析；另一方面，复杂海况环境下系统噪声特性未知以及频率特性多样化对变形角估计精度的影响还有待深入的剖析与研究。本课题围绕着舰区域甲板变形角准确建模、提高复杂海上环境下的惯性测量单元的温度适应性、着舰区域甲板变形在噪声统计特性不确定条件下的非线性滤波估计、频率特征复杂海况下的着舰区域甲板动态变形角精确跟踪测量等方面开展理论研究与创新，并搭建实验系统开展实验验证，对于航母精确自主着舰技术的发展具有重要的理论和应用价值。

着舰是舰载机整个作战链条中重要的核心技术，着舰过程决定了舰载机的作战效率，还严重影响着航母和舰载机的安全。本项目基于光纤惯性研究航母着舰区域甲板变形精确测量技术，通过解决海况频率特征多样、过程噪声和量测噪声统计特性未知等因素制约下的着舰区域甲板变形精确测量问题，提升复杂海上环境下航母舰载机的自主着舰能力。基于以上思路，通过对船体变形角性质和特点的分析，采用有限元分析和数理概率统计方法相结合建立了着舰区域甲板变形角模型；通过分析露天日照环境下着舰区域光纤惯性组件误差变化机理，建立了支持向量机的温度补偿方法；设计基于时域估计与序列二次规划相结合的CKF非线性滤波方法对着舰区域甲板变形角进行多模型估计，在此基础上通过交互多模型算法进行数据融合以获取最优变形角；基于以上模型，开展了计算机仿真试验验证、转台试验验证和实船测试实验，验证了模型有效性和精度。