喜马拉雅山南坡跨境河流鱼类多样性及群落结构空间格局

The Himalayas is one of global biodiversity hotspots, and is very important ecological and safety barriers for China. Huge gap, low latitude, abundant rainfall and mountain barrier lead to variety of rapid fishes in the southern slope of the Himalayas. However, the fish diversity in this area is poorly understood by special geographical location and natural environment. This study will be selected six typical trans-border rivers of the southern slope of the Himalayas, field surveys collect fish and river environmental data, identify and describe species, integrate ecological and habitat environmental characteristics. As a result, a checklist of fish diversity in trans-border rivers in Tibet will be formed, and will composed Trans-border River Fish Database. Two trans-border rivers, Langqin Tsangpo and Peng Qu, in different fish fauna were selected to analyze the spatial pattern of fish community along vertical gradient and horizontal space, and the relationship between habitat environmental factors and fish community structure was discussed. In conclusion, this work provide a scientific basis for ecological security construction and biodiversity protection of trans-border rivers in China.

喜马拉雅山是全球36个生物多样性热点地区之一，也是我国重要的生态安全屏障。由于巨大的落差、较低的纬度、充沛的降雨以及山地间阻隔，孕育了丰富多样的急流环境鱼类。但由于特殊的地理位置和自然环境，我国对这一地区鱼类了解十分有限。本项目以喜马拉雅山南坡6条典型的跨境河流为研究区域，通过系统的野外调查，采集鱼类和河流环境数据，鉴定和描述物种，综合生态和栖息地环境特征，集成跨境河流鱼类数据库，填补西藏跨境河流鱼类多样性的空白。在此基础上，重点选取鱼类物种组成存在明显差异的2条典型跨境河流（朗钦藏布和朋曲），从纵向梯度和横向空间上解析鱼类群落空间格局，探讨栖息地环境因素与鱼类群落结构关系。项目成果为我国跨境河流生态安全建设和生物多样性保护提供科学依据。

喜马拉雅山是全球36个生物多样性热点地区之一，主体部分在我国西藏，外于尼泊尔和印度等国家相接。该地区具有巨大的海拔落差、较低的纬度、充沛的降雨量以及山地间阻隔等特殊的地理位置和自然环境，因此是我国重要的生态安全屏障。项目以9条典型的跨境河流为研究区域开展鱼类资源和栖息地环境调查，收集到鱼类46种，隶属于5目10科，其中土著鱼类32种，外来鱼类14种；获得了海拔、水宽、流速、溶氧量、坡度等栖息地环境数据3420条；测定43种主要鱼类生物学数据2659条；集成鱼类图谱和生境图集数据2791份。喜玛拉雅山河流鱼类多样性和栖息地环境数据的收集，填补了西藏跨境河流鱼类基础资料和信息的空白，丰富了我国跨境河流水生生物数据，为鱼类资源的管理和保护提供有效的数据或技术支撑，也为我国跨境河流生态安全提供基础生物数据。