石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料的梯度浓度调控及航空防覆冰应用研究

Aircraft icing has always been a potential safety hazard in aviation flight. Due to the advantages of high efficiency, real-time availability and strong adaptability, thermal-deicing has become the hotspot. With the increasing use of advanced composite materials in aircraft structures, new requirements for the development of anti-icing functional materials have been put forward. Graphene/epoxy resin composites are excellent materials for aviation anti-icing functional layer, but their performance remained to be improved, especially the performance under dynamic loading environment. This project proposes to design and construct new type of graphene/epoxy resin composites with gradient concentration. Firstly, the properties of composites are improved by adjusting the interface between graphene and resin. Secondly, a new gradient concentration system is designed and constructed through the path of layered concentration control to further optimize the overall properties of graphene/epoxy resin composites. Finally, a new type of aviation anti-icing protection functional layer is developed based on the composites. The anti-icing functional layer regulates and realizes its stable and excellent electrical performance under dynamic loading environment such as tension and compression strain, multiple cycles and dynamic fatigue, and achieves efficient de-icing protection. The research and application of graphene/epoxy resin composites with gradient concentration provides an economical and efficient solution for the application of aircraft anti-icing protection, UAV and other aviation equipment. This proposal provides a strong guarantee for aviation flight safety, is expected to promote the research results of graphene composites to aviation applications, and contribute to the development of aviation composite industry.

飞机覆冰是航空飞行的安全隐患，热力除冰以其高效、实时可用、适应性强等优势，成为研究和应用热点。随着航空复合材料在飞机结构中的不断应用，对防覆冰功能材料提出了新的要求。石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料是防覆冰功能层的优秀材料，但要进行性能提升和动态受力环境下的应用改善。本项目提出构建具有梯度浓度的石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料，首先通过石墨烯与树脂界面调控，提升复合材料性能；然后通过分层浓度调控的路径，设计构建新型的梯度浓度体系，进一步优化复材的整体性能；最后基于该复材开发新型航空防覆冰功能层，调控实现其在拉压应变、多次循环、动态疲劳等动态受力环境下，保持稳定优异的电学性能，实现高效的除冰防护。具有梯度浓度的石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料的研发及应用，有望为飞机、无人机等航空装备的防覆冰应用提供经济高效的解决方案，为航空飞行安全提供有力保障，推动石墨烯复合材料的研究成果走向航空应用，助力航空复合材料产业的发展。

飞机覆冰一直是航空飞行的严峻安全隐患，随着航空复合材料在飞机结构中的用量提升，对防覆冰功能材料的研发提出了新的要求。石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料是航空防覆冰功能层的优秀材料，但大都是均一浓度，而对于功能调控和材料应用经济性，梯度浓度的复合材料更有优势。.本项目围绕石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料的梯度浓度调控及航空防覆冰应用展开，从石墨烯/环氧树脂复材的可控合成出发，优化调控其性能，进而借助分层增材制造的思路，分层、分区调控石墨烯浓度和复合材料性能，构建复合材料的梯度浓度体系，制备具有梯度浓度的石墨烯/环氧树脂复材，研究梯度浓度的石墨烯/环氧树脂复材的力学、导电和导热等性能。在此基础上，研制了具有梯度浓度的石墨烯/环氧树脂复合功能涂层，研究梯度浓度的功能涂层在应变条件下的导电性能变化，优化性能，进行航空防覆冰场景的应用探索。.项目的研究取得了很好的实验成果，主要包括如下三部分：（1）制备并优化了石墨烯/环氧树脂复材、石墨烯/碳纳米管/环氧树脂三元复材。对石墨烯/环氧树脂复材的微观结构和界面进行了优化，提高了复材的导电、导热性能。并研发了高性能CNT/PVA/PAAm水凝胶，应用于高灵敏传感。（2）成功研制了具有梯度浓度的石墨烯/环氧树脂复材。通过对石墨烯的浓度进行分区调控，突破了常规的均一浓度体系，设计构建了新型的梯度浓度复材体系，并揭示了梯度浓度对复材电学性能的影响。（3）实现了梯度浓度石墨烯/环氧树脂复材的航空防覆冰应用验证。开发了便捷的工艺，实现了梯度浓度复材的一体化设计与功能调节，成功研制了电致热功能涂层，并与中国商飞等单位合作，实现了航空防覆冰的应用验证。项目开展期间，已发表相关研究论文7篇，申请发明专利2项。含SCI论文4篇，中文核心等3篇，此外，在审SCI论文1篇。.本项目的梯度梯度浓度石墨烯复材，为航空装备的防覆冰应用提供了经济高效的解决方案，促进石墨烯复材的研究成果走向航空应用，助力航空复材产业的发展。