长白山土壤碳氮转化微生物的垂直分布及其驱动机制

The terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycling processes are critical in maintaining soil fertility and ecosystem stability. These processes are driven by microorganisms, and affected by many environmental factors, which have evidently spatial variations. Environmental variables like climate, plant and soil properties will change along elevation. Changbai Mountain is one of few natural ecosystems under good conservation on the earth. This project intends to collect soil samples along the elevation gradient in Changbai Mountain, using pyrosequencing, GeoChip and DNA stable isotope labeling techniques, to investigate soil microbial communities along elevation and their relationships with carbon and nitrogen transformations. In addition, through combining climate and environmental variables and using bioinformatics analysis, this project aims to elucidate microbial vertical distribution and its driving mechanisms. These results will contribute to better understanding of coupling mechanisms between microbial vertical distribution and carbon and nitrogen cycling in soils, which would provide scientific basis for ecosystem management in Changbai Mountain.

土壤碳氮转化过程是维持土壤肥力、生态系统稳定的基础。土壤碳氮转化过程由微生物驱动，并受多种环境因子影响，具有空间变异的特性。随海拔升高，气候、植被、土壤性质等环境因子发生改变，可能导致土壤碳氮转化功能及其相关微生物的空间分异。长白山是地球上为数不多保存完整的自然生态系统之一，植被类型随海拔分异明显。本申请项目拟采集长白山不同海拔下的土壤样品，采用高通量测序、基因芯片、稳定性同位素核酸探针等技术，研究不同海拔下土壤碳氮转化相关微生物的群落特征及其与碳氮转化的关联；结合气候环境因子，利用生物信息分析来阐明土壤碳氮转化微生物的垂直分布规律及其驱动机制。结果将有助于加深对土壤微生物垂直分布与碳氮循环关联机制的理解，并可为长白山生态系统的综合管理提供科学依据。

土壤碳氮转化过程是维持土壤肥力、生态系统稳定的基础。土壤碳氮转化过程由微生物驱动，并受多种环境因子影响，具有空间变异的特性。随海拔升高，气候、植被、土壤性质等环境因子发生改变，可能导致了土壤碳氮转化功能及其相关微生物的空间分异。本项目采集了长白山不同海拔下的土壤样品，采用高通量测序、基因芯片等技术，研究了不同海拔下土壤碳氮转化相关微生物的群落特征及其与碳氮转化的关联。研究发现：长白山土壤微生物功能基因与细菌多样性的海拔分布模式不同；土壤功能基因与微生物分类学多样性没有显著相关性，表明土壤微生物的功能冗余特性；土壤可溶性有机碳和有机氮是预测土壤微生物功能基因多样性的重要指标；通过宏基因组测序分析，明确不同海拔梯度下土壤微生物所携带碳氮转化功能的异同。这些结果加深对土壤微生物海拔分布与碳氮转化耦合机制的理解，并可为长白山生态系统的综合管理提供科学依据。