江汉平原乡村生活空间变化：规律机制及效应

In the context of both contemporary human development transformation and humanism booming, ‘living space’ has become a new perspective for human geographers to investigate the change of human-environment relationship, and the spatial view of integrating ‘pattern-connotation-implication’ has also become a new thinking to interpret the interaction of human activities and environment. So far, the researches on living space have focused mainly on the urban areas and their element space and space form. In contrast, little attention has been paid on the rural areas, juxtaposition space and three-dimensioned research. Therefore, this proposed project, taking the rural living space in Jianghan Plain as the research object, applying the rational of deconstructing spatial pattern by environment, perceiving spatial connotation by relationship and interpreting spatial implication by impacts, and employing the research methods of combing quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, spatial analysis and statistical analysis , would construct an analysis path from element space to juxtaposition space, by which to systematically analyze farmers, living behavior and their interaction with the environment. This project will focus on mainly exploring the features, echanism and effects of the changes of the rural living space in Jianghan Plain to reveal the change laws and mechanism of rural human-environment. The expected achievements might amplify the research viewpoints, contents and methods of rural geography in China, and provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of the rural areas in Jianghan Plain.

在当代人类发展转型和人文主义兴盛的双重背景下，“生活空间”已成为人文地理学透视人地关系变化的新视角，“形式-内涵-意义”相统一的空间观也已成为阐释人类活动与地理环境相互作用的新思维。现阶段，相关生活空间研究主要聚焦城市地域、较多关注要素空间和空间形式，乡村地域颇受冷落、并置空间和三维研究有待拓展。据此，本项目以江汉平原乡村生活空间为研究对象，融贯“以环境解构空间形式，以关系透视空间内涵，以感知诠释空间意义”的理论逻辑，运用量化分析与质性分析相结合、空间分析与统计分析相结合等研究方法，构筑从类型空间到并置空间的分析路径，系统解析乡村农户生活行为及其与地理环境的相互作用，重点探究当代背景下江汉平原乡村生活空间变化特征、机制及效应，揭示其乡村人地关系变化规律及内在机理。项目研究成果可望丰富国内乡村地理学的研究视角、内容和方法，为案例地区乡村可持续发展提供理论指导和实践依据。

乡村生活空间是乡村居民居住、就业、消费和休闲等日常活动并置而成的空间聚合体，也是形式、内涵和意义内在关联的有机统一体。本项目借鉴Lefebvre“空间的生产”理论和Halfacree“三重乡村空间模型”，构建以环境解构空间形式、以关系透视空间内涵、以感知诠释空间意义的“三重空间”分析框架；以乡村居民日常生活为切入点，探寻江汉平原乡村生活空间变化特征机制及效应，揭示乡村人类活动与环境变化互动规律及其作用机理。研究表明：（1）乡村重构与转型是江汉平原乡村生活空间变化的现实背景。乡村重构是乡村地域系统要素重组引发的结构巨变，乡村转型则是乡村地域系统结构重塑引致的功能质变；乡村重构与转型能够显著作用乡村主体结构、居民生活方式及其发展能力变化，从而对乡村生活空间变化产生深刻影响。（2）空间集中与分散是江汉平原乡村生活空间变化的显著特征。总体上，江汉平原乡村生活空间具有以家庭居住地和乡村中心地为核心的“双中心”空间结构；具体的，农户居住向交通沿线集中与村落空废化并存，纯农集中就业与兼业分散就业相结合，高端消费向高等级消费地集中、低端消费向低等级消费地分散，居家休闲与户外休闲相结合。（3）要素关联与耦合是江汉平原乡村生活空间变化的主要机制。乡村生活空间系统具有自适应和自组织特征，外源驱动对乡村生活空间变化更具决定性意义。在市场机制自发作用下，外部环境因素的“虹吸效应”塑造了乡村生活空间碎片化；在政府政策自觉调控下，外部环境因素的“涓滴效应”可能推动乡村生活空间网络化。（4）环境适配与错位是江汉平原乡村生活空间变化的基本效应。乡村生活空间变化的实质是农户主观需求与地方环境供给的均衡。江汉平原乡村生活空间变化有效提升了乡村宜居性，农户主观需求与地方环境供给适配及其错位决定了乡村宜居水平及其空间分异。乡村生活空间变化研究能够丰富中国乡村地理认知基础，能够为乡村振兴及其可持续发展提供决策依据。