原位聚合法制备多形纳米聚膦腈/水性聚氨酯复合材料及其性能研究

For higher demands on its mechanical properties, thermal properties, solvent resistance, friction and wear properties of waterborne polyurethane material, design and synthetic polyphosphazene nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes which surface is rich in hydroxyl and fluorine atoms. And prepare a series of the polymorphic nano-polyphosphazene/waterbone polyurethane composites in situ polymerization. Using chemical crosslinking to improve the interfacial strength and promote uniform dispersion of nano-particles, thereby obtaining waterborne polyurethane composites with excellent performance. This research follows the oligomers absorption mechanism and template to induce the self-assembly. Using cyclophosphazene intermediates and polyol (amine) containing fluorine to synthesize three forms of nanomaterials, like sphere, fiber and nanotube, by precipitation polymerization in a polar solvent. Through testing the performances of polymorphic nano polyphosphazene at different situ polymerization stages, reaction time, dosage and other factors under preparation, access to the modification rule of waterborne polyurethane. Reveal the mechanism of performance optimization for the composites properties and provide experimental data reference and theoretical support for the performance optimization by studying the compositions and microstructures to the influence of mechanical properties, thermal properties, solvent resistance, friction and wear properties. Relevant outcomes will also help to promote large-scale applications of polyphosphazene derivatives in the polymer-modified.

针对水性聚氨酯材料对其力学性能、热性能、耐溶剂及摩擦磨损等性能的更高要求，提出设计、合成表面富含羟基和氟原子的聚膦腈纳米球、纳米纤维、纳米管，采用原位聚合法制备多形纳米聚膦腈/水性聚氨酯复合材料。通过化学键交联方法提高界面结合力和促进均匀分散，获得具有优异综合性能的水性聚氨酯复合材料。拟遵循低聚物吸收机理，模板诱导自组装，采用环磷腈中间体与含氟多元醇在极性溶剂中沉淀聚合制备球、纤维和纳米管三种形态纳米材料，测试多形纳米聚膦腈在不同原位聚合阶段、反应时间及添加量等因素下制备的复合材料性能，获得不同形貌聚膦腈纳米材料对水性聚氨酯的改性作用规律；研究复合材料的组成和微观结构对其力学性能、热性能、耐溶剂及摩擦磨损等性能的影响规律，揭示纳米聚膦腈/水性聚氨酯复合材料性能优化改性机理，为水性聚氨酯材料性能的优化设计提供实验数据参考和理论支撑，相关成果亦有助于促进聚膦腈材料在聚合物改性中的规模化应用。

本项目主体研究水性聚氨酯材料，针对其力学性能、热性能、摩擦磨损性能和耐水等性能的更高要求，提出设计、合成表面富含羟基和大量氟原子的聚磷腈微球、纳米纤维、纳米管，并采用原位聚合法制备多形纳米聚磷腈/水性聚氨酯复合材料，通过化学键交联方法提高界面结合力和促进纳米材料均匀分散，获得了具有优异综合性能的多形纳米聚磷腈改性水性聚氨酯复合材料及其制备方法。遵循低聚物吸收机理，通过模板诱导自组装，采用六氯环三磷腈与四氟双酚A两种单体在不同极性溶剂中沉淀聚合制备微球、纤维和纳米管这三种形态的纳米材料，本项目通过测试多形纳米聚磷腈在不同的原位聚合阶段、反应时间及添加量等因素下制备的纳米聚磷腈/水性聚氨酯复合材料相关性能，获得了纳米材料结构、复合材料制备各因素与复合材料性能之间的规律性关系；通过研究复合材料的组成和微观结构对其力学性能、热性能、摩擦磨损性能及其它性能的影响规律，从而进一步揭示了纳米聚磷腈/水性聚氨酯复合材料性能优化改性机理，为水性聚氨酯材料性能的优化设计提供实验数据参考和理论支撑。