近场强冲击波和超高速破片群对装药结构的复合毁伤机理研究

To research the safety performance of the charged structures with external energy is of great importance for the design of weaponry. Shock wave and fragments with high velocity are two kinds of common threaten and generally act on the charged structures simultaneously. The damage mechanism of the charged structures under the action of the shock waves and fragments with high indident velocity(>1800m/s) will be reserched so as to guide the design of safety performance of the charged structures. The main research work are as follow:1.The coupling effect of shock wave and the high-speed fragments and the damage effect of them on charged structures; 2.The influence of related parameters such as the configuration, velocity, intersperse characters, timeliness of the fragments as well as the intensity, attenuation characters, timeliness of the shock wave on the damage effect of the charged structures; 3. Multi-parameters optimal design of the safety performance for the charged structures when the parameters of the shock wave, fragments as well as the charged structures were considered. The couplinig model to reflect the action of the shock wave and the high-speed fragments will be established,also, the relations of the related parameters and the damage mechanism of the charged structures will be described quantitatively. The establishment of the time-related coupliing model for the action of the shock wave and high-speed fragments is innovative, and the establishment of the damage criterion when the local destroy and the integral response were considered is another innovation of this research work.

装药结构在外界强载荷作用下安全性的研究对武器弹药的研制具有重要意义，冲击波和高速破片是两种常见的威胁且时常同时作用。本项目针对近场强冲击波和超高速破片(>1800m/s)群耦合作用下装药结构的毁伤机理开展研究，以期对装药结构安全性设计提供理论指导。主要研究内容：1. 超高速破片群和近场强冲击波耦合效应及对屏蔽装药结构毁伤；2. 不同参数条件（破片构型、速度、散布特征、时效性以及近场强冲击波强度、衰减特性、时效性等）对屏蔽装药结构毁伤效应的影响； 3. 综合考虑冲击波特性和破片群特征的屏蔽装药结构安全性多参数优化设计。通过本项研究，建立超高速破片群和近场强冲击波耦合作用模型以及在耦合作用下装药结构的毁伤机理，并定量描述相关因素对其毁伤效果的影响。其中在考虑时程效应的基础上超高速破片群和近场强冲击波耦合作用模型的建立以及考虑局域破坏和整体响应基础上装药结构毁伤判据的建立是本项目的主要创新之处。

随着武器技术的迅速发展，武器弹药在外界载荷作用下的安全性研究是军工领域研究的重点之一。当战斗部装药完成爆轰，壳体碎裂后，形成的爆炸冲击波和高速破片是常规弹药爆炸对防护结构产生破片效应的两种主要毁伤载荷因素。本课题采用理论、数值和试验相结合的方法研究了破片群和冲击波联合作用下屏蔽装药的毁伤机理。针对高速破片和冲击波对屏蔽装药的联合毁伤问题，建立了冲击波对带缺陷屏蔽板和装药的冲击模型并研究了装药冲击引爆特性，应用冲击波的反射和叠加原理分析了激波的演化过程，结合炸药起爆判据确定了炸药冲击引爆的临界条件，并采用最小二乘法得到了临界起爆判据的参数n、K。设计了钨珠破片和冲击波联合作用下屏蔽装药的冲击引爆实验，试验得到了不同参数如破片速度和散布特征、冲击波强度和衰减特性等对屏蔽装药冲击引爆的影响。采用三维高精度数值模拟计算了带缺陷的屏蔽装药结构在冲击波作用下的冲击引爆过程，与理论模型进行对比符合较好。借助于试验和数值仿真结果对理论模型进行修正和完善，拟合得到了殉爆距离与装药质量、屏蔽板厚度及屏蔽板缺口坡度的函数关系曲线，且当主发装药、破片和被发装药一定的情况下，分别给出破片速度、壁厚与殉爆距离之间的关系，通过冲击波和破片的时序性关系给出两者曲线相互转换机制。在此基础上实现对屏蔽装药结构毁伤机理的全面描述。