低浸入率下钻孔水力开采用气力提升系统的基础理论研究

The airlift system used in borehole hydraulic jet mining is usually operated under low submergence ratio because of the complicated geological conditions, which leads to a poor airlift performance, even a system failure, so a new way with low cost, wear resistant, high efficiency and excellent environmental protection is urgent to be presented here to overcome this phenomenon. In the present project, the influence mechanism and effect rule of the air injection method on the flow pattern characteristics are revealed based on the bubble dynamics theory and combined with differential-pressure method and high-speed photography technology, then the criteria and construction method of the flow pattern map are further proposed. Based on the flow pattern, the flow resistance and turbulent characteristics affected by the air injection method are analyzed, the modeling of pressure loss and momentum theorem are developed, and the coupling mechanisms among phase hold-up, pressure loss and momentum equation are detected, then a theoretical model of the airlift system, which has high-efficiency, high-precision and good generality,is established; the modeling of airlift efficiency are discussed, meanwhile, a dimensionless model of the airlift volume flow is established based on Bernoulli equation of viscous fluid, then a new performance analysis method for the airlift system is formed. The research result is significant for further understanding of airlift mechanism and enriching dynamic theory of multiphase-flow, as well as it is of significance to study airlift system for underground mineral mining, oceanic mineral resources exploitation and sludge clearing in river or harbor.

钻孔水力开采用气力提升系统因地质条件的复杂特性常使其处于低浸入率工况，致使气力提升性能恶化，甚至失效，因此迫切需要探寻到一种成本低，磨损小、效率高和环境污染少的新途径以对其"激活"。基于气泡动力学理论，结合压差法分析与高速摄像技术，研究进气方式对管内流型特征的影响机理及作用规律，寻求混合流体流型图的判定依据及其构造方法；以流型为基础，分析进气方式作用下混合流体阻力及紊流特性，发展压力损失与动量定理建模分析方法，察明相含率、压力损失模型与流体动量方程的耦合机理，建立一种高精度、高效率且通用性好的气力提升系统理论模型；探讨气力提升系统效率模型的构建策略，并基于粘性流体的伯努利方程建立其体积流量的无因次模型，形成其性能分析的新方法；研究成果对深入认识气力提升机理、丰富多相流动力学理论，以及对我国的地下矿物开采、海洋资源开发、河道及港口清淤有重要意义。

钻孔水力开采用气力提升系统因地质条件的复杂特性常使其处于低浸入率工况，致使气力提升性能恶化，甚至失效，因此迫切需要探寻到一种成本低，磨损小、效率高和环境污染少的新途径以对其“激活”。基于气泡动力学理论，结合压差法分析与高速摄像技术，研究进气方式对管内流型特征的影响机理及作用规律，寻求到了混合流体流型图的判定依据及其构造方法；以流型为基础，分析了进气方式作用下混合流体阻力及紊流特性，发展出压力损失与动量定理建模分析方法，察明了相含率、压力损失模型与流体动量方程的耦合机理，构建出一种高精度、高效率且通用性好的气力提升系统理论模型；探讨了气力提升系统效率模型的构建策略，并基于粘性流体的伯努利方程建立其体积流量的无因次模型，形成了其性能分析的新方法；研究成果对深入认识气力提升机理、丰富多相流动力学理论，以及对我国的地下矿物开采、海洋资源开发、河道及港口清淤有重要意义。