面向能效平衡的集装箱码头装卸设备协同调度研究

Since container terminals own many large handling equipment and their handling operations are very complex, the energy consumption and carbon emission of container terminals are rapidly increasing. Container terminals are facing the pressure on energy-saving and improving service level. However, due to high cost and scarcity of the handling equipment, container terminals can hardly purchase additional handling equipment to improve the service level and save energy. If improving service level and energy-saving are negatively correlated, the reasonable scheduling of three types of handling equipment, especially coordinated scheduling of the handling equipment, is critical to seek the optimal trade-off between energy-saving and service level improvement. However, traditional methods of port handling equipment scheduling solely aim to improve the efficiency of container terminals and do not refer to energy-saving. Therefore, it is imperative to seek an appropriate approach for handling equipment coordinated scheduling that considers the trade-off between efficiency and energy consumption. This plan will address the problem of integrated QC scheduling, IT scheduling and YC scheduling, where the objective is to realize trade-off between energy-saving and service level improvement. First of all, the negative or positive correlation between high efficiency and energy-saving of handling equipment coordinated scheduling is analyzed, and technological route for the trade-off between efficiency and energy consumption is developed. Subsequently, the mechanism models of efficiency and energy consumption for handling equipment scheduling are developed. Furthermore, this problem of integrated handling equipment scheduling is formulated as a mixed integer programming model (MIP), and an integrated simulation-based optimization method is developed for solving the problem, Finally, This plan will provide the theoretical methodology and technological route for the handling equipment scheduling in container terminals.

集装箱码头由于大型设备多、工艺复杂，能耗和碳排放较大，面临着节能减排和提高服务效率的双重压力。而由于码头设备资源非常有限，且十分昂贵，不可能通过随意地增加设备来提高服务水平和节能减排。当提高服务效率与节能减排之间发生矛盾时，对现有资源进行协同调度，以达到节能与高效之间的平衡尤为重要，但传统的港口调度研究中未对节能减排的进行系统的考量。 因此有必要从能效平衡的角度，研究集装箱码头的资源调度问题。本项目将以集装箱码头岸桥、场桥、集卡为对象，以能耗与效率平衡为目标，首先分析集装箱码头装卸设备协同调度中能耗和效率的正相关性或逆相关性特征，提出能效平衡的技术路径；然后构建集装箱码头装卸设备协同调度各环节的效率和能耗机理模型；在此基础上构建基于能效平衡的集装箱码头装卸设备协同调度混合整数规划模型，并设计基于仿真优化的求解方法。本项目的实施将为集装箱码头装卸设备协同调的能效平衡提供理论基础和技术手段。

集装箱码头作为典型的交通运输企业，由于大型装卸设备多、工艺复杂，能耗在迅速增加，更面临着节能减排的环境压力。本项目以集装箱码头岸桥、场桥、集卡等装卸设备的协同调度为对象，研究能耗与效率的影响因素、能效平衡的数学建模与求解问题。.主要研究内容为：（1）分析了集装箱码头设备协同调度的主要环节，确立了效率和能耗指标，界定了能耗与效率具有逆相关特征的设备协同调度能效平衡关键问题。分析了设备协同调度中具有能耗和效率政府相关性。建立了协同调度中决策因素对效率与能耗影响的定量模型。（2）泊位与岸桥集成调度能效平衡建模与求解。以船舶离港延迟时间最小和岸桥装卸能耗最小为目标，建立了泊位与岸桥集成调度的能效平衡混合整数规划模型，并通过成本函数对目标进行了统一；设计了求解模型的仿真优化方法，并通过算例分析，验证了仿真优化方法的性能。（3）场桥调度能效平衡建模与求解。基于场桥调度的特征，将该问题转换成了一个带有软时间窗的车辆路径问题（VRPSTW），建立了场桥调度的混合整数规划模型，并设计了对应的仿真优化算法，通过算例分析验证了算法的性能。（4）岸桥、场桥、集卡协同调度能效平衡建模与求解。提出了集成岸桥作业顺序和场桥作业顺序的集卡调度能效优化问题，并将该问题转换成了3个相互关联的VRP，建立了协同调度的MIP模型，并通过成本函数对两个目标进行了统一。设计了求解该问题的4种仿真优化策略，再通过算例分析算法进行了性能分析。最后通过天津港实际案例分析，本项目提出的理论方法能促进集装箱码头岸桥、场桥、集卡调度的能耗分别降低4.78%，1.93%，6.1%。.本项目识别了集装箱码头设备协同调度能效平衡的关键因素，分析了决策因素对效率与能耗影响的关系，提出了以能耗最小和效率最高相协调为目标的能效平衡数学模型，设计了基于仿真优化的求解算法，对集装箱码头生产调度的建模和求解方法具有重要的理论意义，对码头的节能减排和促进可持续发展具有重要的实用价值。