更新世末全新世初江淮黄淮地区野生稻资源分布的植硅体分析

The O.rufipogon (common wild rice) was deemed to be the wild progenitor of Asia domestic rice (Oryza sativa), and one of essential conditions for the birthplace of rice agriculture. Some scholars considered that only the tropical climate in southern China could meet the normal growth of wild rice, and the Jianghuai and Huanghuai regions could not support the rice life during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. So, it is stated that the prehistoric rice farming in the Jianghuai and Huanghuai regions came from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.The Jianghuai and Huanghuai regions are the climate transition zone between the north and the south in China. It had uninterrupted history of human society's development and long record on the gathering, hunting and farming since the Holocene. In recent years, with the development of archaeology, the Jianghuai and Huanghuai regions were deemed as one of critical areas for the birthplace and early development of rice agriculture by more and more scholars. The project proposes to study the sediments from 3 natural profiles in Lake Chaohu, Jiahu and Wufan, using phytoliths analysis. The purposes are to research the distribution range of wild rice and environmental background during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, which can provide evidence and new clues for the study on the origin of rice agriculture and relevant issues in the Jianghuai and Huanghuai regions.

普通野生稻是现代栽培稻的祖先种，是稻作农业起源地基本条件之一。很多学者认为只有南方热带气候环境才能满足普通野生稻的正常生长，江淮黄淮地区更新世末全新世初不具备野生稻生存的环境。因而，一般认为，江淮黄淮地区史前稻作农业是从长江中下游地区传播而来。江淮黄淮地区是我国南北气候的过渡带，全新世以来具有连续不间断的人类社会发展历程和丰富的长期采集-渔猎-农业活动的记录。近年来，随着中国考古事业的发展，江淮黄淮地区被越来越多的学者认为是中国稻作农业起源与早期发展的关键区域之一。本课题拟采用植硅体分析的方法，对江淮黄淮地区巢湖、吴畈、贾湖3个自然剖面的沉积物进行研究，了解更新世末全新世初该地区野生稻的分布状况及环境背景，为讨论江淮黄淮地区史前稻作农业起源等问题提供科学依据。

普通野生稻是现代栽培稻的祖先种，是稻作农业起源地基本条件之一。很多学者认为只有南方暖湿的气候环境才能满足普通野生稻的正常生长，江淮黄淮地区更新世末全新世初不具备野生稻生存的环境。因而，一般认为，江淮黄淮地区史前稻作农业是从长江中下游地区传播而来。关于江淮黄淮地区更新世末全新世初是否有野生稻分布，以及该地区在我国稻作农业起源与早期发展过程中的地位如何等问题有必要开展系统的研究。本项目采用植硅体、年代学分析等方法，对江淮黄淮地区巢湖、吴贩、贾湖等自然剖面的沉积物和多个新石器时代考古遗址进行研究，结果显示：1）更新世末至全新世中期巢湖流域及淮河中游地区可能都是我国野生稻的分布区；2）巢湖岩芯地层沉积连续而稳定，该地区更新世末至全新世植硅体组合可以较好的响应了区域性与全球性的气候变化；3）全新世中期以来，淮河上、中游地区先民对水稻栽培和利用的行为基本是延续的，水稻植硅体形态分析表明早在8.5~8.0kaBP淮河中游地区的水稻就已经处于驯化中;并随着时间推移，驯化水平逐渐增加直至达到现代驯化到的水平，暗示着淮河流域是中国稻作农业起源与早期发展的关键区域之一。本项目研究所获得的结果对于了解更新世末全新世初我国野生稻的分布状况和区域环境背景，以及江淮黄淮地区史前稻作农业起源、发展等问题提供了重要的科学依据。