枸杞瘿螨-宁夏枸杞-枸杞木虱互作机制研究

The gall mite Aceria pallida and psyllid Bactericera gobica are two oligophagous herbivores, and are the major pests of wolfberry Lycium barbarum. Due to their same ecological niche, they are competitors during growing season. Our previous study found that A. pallida need to be phoretic (those cases in which the transport host serves its passenger as a vehicle) on B. gobica before the winter, and attached the psyllids to overwinter, then transported to the bud of wolfberry in early spring. This overwintering strategy showed that this is a commensalism benefitted to A. pallida. Whether the gall-forming mite A. pallida, as an ecosystem engineer, can affect and manage their association with B. gobica and other relevant arthropods are unknown. And we suggest that there should be some complex association between A. pallida–L. barbarum–B. gobica. In this project, gall mite and other relevant arthropods, especially the A. pallida–L. barbarum–B. gobica are used as research materials, through morphology, nutrition, behavior and chemical communication researches to reveal the coevolution relationship among A. pallida, L. barbarum and B. gobica, and to provide a theoretical basis for Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

枸杞瘿螨和枸杞木虱均为寡食性害虫，仅为害枸杞，嗜食幼嫩枝叶，是枸杞群落相伴发生的两种最主要成灾害虫，二者占据相同生态位，为竞争关系。前期研究发现瘿螨必须通过携播方式（搭顺风车）搭载于木虱成虫胸腹间的空腔内才能安全越冬，春季脱离木虱转至枸杞嫩芽形成虫瘿，这种越冬方式仅表现出对瘿螨有利，偏利行为产生的机制不明。枸杞瘿螨作为生态系统工程师（Ecosystem Engineer）调控和平衡与木虱间的竞争与依存关系及群落内共栖生物的机制不清，推测枸杞瘿螨―宁夏枸杞―枸杞木虱三者间存在复杂的互作机制。本课题以枸杞群落共栖生物为研究对象，以枸杞瘿螨―宁夏枸杞—枸杞木虱为研究核心，围绕三者在宁夏枸杞生长季节瘿螨致瘿过程中的互作关系，从形态学、营养学、行为学和化学通讯等方面开展研究，揭示枸杞瘿螨携播越冬的进化学基础，明晰枸杞瘿螨与枸杞木虱之间协同进化关系，为整合各种技术综合管理枸杞群落共栖害虫提供理论依据。

枸杞子是大宗常用中药材，枸杞群落病虫害种类多，关系复杂，深入研究枸杞群落病虫害之间的关系，对保障枸杞子临床用药和食用安全性及产量质量影响很大。本项目在前期研究（自然基金：81274198）发现枸杞木虱对枸杞瘿螨有携带传播行为的基础上，通过室内实验结合田间调查的方式，证明了枸杞木虱通过影响寄主植物（宁夏枸杞）的初生代谢，从而抑制枸杞瘿螨的虫瘿生长和种群数量。实验证明了枸杞瘿螨通过影响寄主植物（宁夏枸杞）的次生代谢和内源激素，从而抑制枸杞木虱的生长发育；又通过抑制群落内共栖生物的生长发育和取食行为，从而“补偿”枸杞木虱，维持其种群的长期稳定。.本研究具有如下意义：一、阐明枸杞瘿螨和枸杞木虱的长期稳定共存关系的原因及其物质基础。二、为揭示枸杞瘿螨“生态系统工程师”地位奠定理论基础。三、为研究寄主植物-节肢动物的协同进化提供了研究思路和借鉴方法。