准噶尔盆地东南缘煤系地层硫化氢形成机制研究

In coal mining, the casualties and potential hazards are increasing rapidly due to the abnormal enrichment of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in coal mines. The abnormal enrichment of hydrogen sulfide in lots of coal mines within southeastern margin of Junggar Basin, the content of H2S in gas component is as high as 2.11%, many casualties had occurred. This study aims to build some platforms about the bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) and thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) of coals. combined with the strains characteristics of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in underground coal mines, carry out SRB metabolism experiment of coals under different conditions, determine the life quality and activity of SRB, and determine the correspondence of H2S release, reveal the formation mechanism of hydrogen sulfide about BSR of different coals. Carry out TSR experiments in the different additives (coal & water, coal & water & CaSO4/MgSO4/MgCl2) and different temperature to analysis the evolution characteristic of gaseous products, determine the factors affecting of TSR with coals, and reveal the formation mechanism of hydrogen sulfide of TSR with coals. In order to play an active role in the evolution and origin identification of H2S, to provide support of supplement and improve the formation mechanism of H2S existing in coal mines. Study the geological conditions, the spatial distribution and the matching relation of H2S enrichment, it includ the later period, the reservoir characteristics, the hydrogeology and the burial. Reveal the enrichment mechanism of H2S in the typical coal mines. It has great guiding effect to find out the H2S distribution, occurrence and disaster prevention in coal mines.

在煤矿开采中，由于煤矿硫化氢异常富集而导致伤亡事故及潜在危害呈快速增多趋势。准东南诸多矿区H2S异常富集，H2S含量高达2.11%，发生过多起死伤事故。本项目拟搭建煤的硫酸盐生物还原（BSR）和硫酸盐热化学还原（TSR）平台；结合井下硫酸盐还原茵（SRB）菌种，开展不同条件下煤的SRB代谢，确定SRB生活量、活性及与H2S释放对应关系，揭示煤的BSR硫化氢形成机理；对不同煤在不同添加物（煤+水、煤+水+CaSO4/MgSO4/MgCl2）及不同温度下开展TSR实验，分析气态产物演化，确定煤的TSR影响因素，揭示煤的TSR硫化氢形成机理。以期为H2S演化和成因判识起到积极作用，对补充、完善现有煤矿H2S形成机理提供支撑。研究后期改造、储层特性、水文地质及埋藏等控制H2S富集的地质条件及其时空间分布和匹配关系，揭示典型矿井H2S富集机理。对查明煤矿H2S分布、赋存及灾害防治具有极大的指导作用。

在煤矿开采中，由于煤矿硫化氢异常富集而导致伤亡事故及潜在危害呈快速增多趋势。我国准噶尔盆地东南缘诸多矿区硫化氢异常富集，部分矿区的硫化氢含量高达2.11%，发生过多起死伤事故。. 项目研究通过搭建煤的硫酸盐生物还原（BSR）和硫酸盐热化学还原（TSR）模拟平台；结合井下硫酸盐还原茵（SRB）菌种的采集及富集培养，开展了不同介质、基质等条件下煤的SRB代谢研究，确定了SRB生活量、活性及与H2S释放对应关系，揭示了区域煤的BSR硫化氢形成机理；通过采集区域不同变质程度的煤在不同添加物（煤+水、煤+水+CaSO4/MgSO4/MgCl2）及不同温度下开展TSR实验，分析了气态产物演化，确定了煤的TSR影响因素，揭示了煤的TSR硫化氢形成机理。为区域H2S形成演化和成因判识起到积极作用，对补充、完善现有煤矿H2S形成机理提供了理论和实验支撑。. 对区域煤系地层水文地质进行地质调查及取样测试，把区域水文地质单元划分为4类。考察了地下水的运移特征，测试了地下水化学特征、菌种特性、地下水体中硫化氢气体组分等。确定了各水文地质单元地下水运移特征、地下水化学特征及区域地质构造等对对BSR成生硫化氢的影响及形成机理。得到了区域地层水沿径流方向水化学类型演化关系，阐明了区域典型含硫化氢泉（井）水的硫化氢成因模式。. 通过对区域典型硫化氢富集区的解剖，调查后期改造、储集层特性、盖层发育、水文地质、流体化学特性、埋藏及温度等条件控制硫化氢异常富集保存形成的基本地质条件及其时空间分布和匹配关系。查明了区域特征、沉积环境、构造演化过程和水文地质条件，确定了成煤过程的埋藏史、煤层气体生成史和热演化史，分析了区域硫化氢生储盖的组合关系，得到了区域硫化氢的聚集模式，确定了区域煤岩层硫化氢异常富集的控制影响因素，阐明不同构造背景条件下硫化氢异常富集区形成的地质过程，揭示了区域硫化氢异常富集的形成机理。