恒压蓄能调控作业机构驱动与动势能回收一体化回路理论及方法

Energy-saving and emission-reduction is the development and research direction of construction machinery, and kinetic and potential energy recovery efficiency and operational performance are crucial to its application. Aiming at the problem of a complex system which is caused by adding kinetic and potential energy recovery devices to drive system in construction machinery ,and low utilization efficiency because of multiple conversions of the recovered energy, it is proposed that the construction machinery slewing and lifting mechanisms are respectively driven by double control motor and asymmetric pump with constant pressure accumulator, and the method of kinetic and potential energy recovery. In the case of abrupt shock loading, when the hydraulic circuit of construction machine uses conventional hydraulic accumulator, the influence problem which non-linear, non-constant pressure charging and discharging characteristics of accumulator on working performance of operating mechanism and energy recovery efficiency is resolved. Through constant pressure accumulator theoretical research and prototype testing, the response relationship between the evolution law of the pressure and flow characteristics of the accumulator in the electro-hydraulic circuit of the operating mechanism and the structural parameters is mastered under the abrupt shock load. By studying the theory and method of dual control motor driving and recovering kinetic and potential energy of slewing gear and asymmetric pump driving and recovering kinetic and potential energy of the lifting mechanism, the efficient and high-performance drive characteristics and the kinetic and potential energy recovery mechanism of operating mechanism are revealed. It provides advanced theories and methods for the efficient drive of construction machinery operating mechanism, and the achievement have a wide range of application prospects in construction machinery.

节能减排是工程机械发展和研究方向，动势能回收效率和作业性能对其应用至关重要。针对目前工程机械作业机构动势能回收需要在驱动系统中增设动能和势能回收装置，造成系统复杂、回收能量经过多次转化后利用效率低等问题，提出工程机械回转和升降作业机构分别由双控马达和非对称泵配合恒压蓄能器进行驱动和动势能回收的方法。解决在突变冲击载荷作用下，工程机械电液回路采用常规液压蓄能器时，蓄能器非线性、非恒压充放特性对作业机构工作性能和能量回收效率的影响问题。通过恒压蓄能器理论研究及样机测试，掌握在突变冲击载荷作用下，作业机构电液回路中蓄能器压力流量充放特性演变规律与结构参数的响应关系。通过研究双控马达驱动和回收回转机构动势能、非对称泵驱动和回收升降机构动势能的理论与方法，揭示作业机构高效高性能驱动特性与动势能回收机制。为工程机械作业机构高效驱动提供先进的理论和方法，成果在工程机械中具有广泛应用前景。

面对当前石化能源日益枯竭、全球环境污染问题，降低能量损耗成为工程机械领域研究热点和前沿课题，能源效率成为体现工程机械市场竞争力的重要指标。对工程机械作业机构动势能进行回收利用，可以减少能源消耗、减少系统发热、提高元件寿命，是工程机械节能降耗的有效措施。针对目前工程机械能量回收利用存在的问题，提出工程机械回转和举升作业机构分别由功能集成元件双控马达和非对称泵配合恒压蓄能器进行驱动和动势能回收，提出在蓄能器对回收能量进行充放时保持油腔压力恒定创新性思想，从而改善作业机构工作性能、提高能量利用效率。为提高作业机构的优化效率，提出一种复杂液压系统的快速并行优化方法。在理论分析和仿真计算基础上，试制恒压蓄能器，进行试验测试和验证。通过本研究，为恒压蓄能调控下的能量回收一体化提供新的理论依据、实现方法和实验数据。