页岩气上游生产中甲烷排放的监测、评估与管理研究

The development of shale gas is a critical focus of China's energy development strategy. However, the large methane emissions from its upstream production process become a serious concern, because of the high global warming potential of methane. It has been debated whether the methane emissions during the upstream production outweigh the lower carbon emissions during combustion when compared to conventional gas and coal. Based on the mechanism of fugitive methane emissions in shale gas development, this project focus on the emission from the well drilling, hydraulic fracturing, well completion, production, collection and processing of shale gas in China. Methane will be measured using a vehicle-mounted mobile monitoring instrument to quantify fugitive methane emissions from shale gas operations in the China’s Fuling Shale Gas Field. The project aims to create an inventory of methane emissions for China’s shale gas industry and provide scientific basis for the development of carbon emission management system and emission reduction policies in China. In addition, the project will also evaluate the global warming effect of shale gas production in China. It is of great scientific significance to provide the research conclusion based on the practice of China’s shale gas development for this highly controversial topic.

页岩气开发是我国能源发展战略的重点方向，但其上游生产过程存在大量的甲烷逸散排放。由于甲烷是一种强效的温室气体，因此页岩气的“低碳”标签在学界备受争议，甚至有研究表明其全生命周期碳排放高于煤炭。本项目以页岩气开发中的甲烷逸散机理为科学基础，针对我国页岩气上游生产中的钻井、水力压裂、完井、生产、收集和处理环节，利用车载式移动监测设备对涪陵页岩气田生产区块的甲烷浓度和排放源进行监测和量化分析，估计各排放源的甲烷排放强度，构建我国页岩气开发甲烷排放清单，为制定行业碳排放管理制度和减排政策提供科学依据。此外，本项目还将对我国页岩气开发的温室效应进行评估，对比其他地区的研究结果，为页岩气发展对气候变化的影响这一争议性研究问题提供重要的参考与证明。

中国拥有世界上最大的页岩气资源，其储量几乎是美国的两倍。页岩气资源的开发有望在中国向低碳能源的未来过渡中发挥至关重要的作用。但是，促进页岩气生产加速的技术也将注意力集中在环境影响上，尤其是甲烷泄漏。甲烷（CH4）是一种有力的温室气体，在100年的时间里，其全球变暖潜力是二氧化碳的28-34倍。排放发生在从钻井到页岩气分布的整个供应链中，因此页岩气的“低碳”标签在学界备受争议，甚至有研究表明其全生命周期碳排放高于煤炭。本项目以页岩气开发中的甲烷逸散机理为科学基础，针对我国页岩气上游生产中的钻井、水力压裂、完井、生产、收集和处理环节，利用车载式移动监测设备对涪陵页岩气田生产区块的甲烷浓度和排放源进行监测和量化分析，我们对超过85个设施进行了监测，包括井场、压缩站、集气战、压缩站和管道，估计了各排放源的甲烷排放强度，构建我国页岩气开发甲烷排放清单，为制定行业碳排放管理制度和减排政策提供科学依据。对比其他地区的研究结果，为页岩气发展对气候变化的影响这一争议性研究问题提供重要的参考与证明。