基于预防性保护的北方乡土古建筑木构残损耦合判别方法与适宜技术研究

The local ancient buildings not only reflect the regional culture of agricultural civilization, but also an important carrier of the historical features and information of villages and towns. At present, our country's local construction and use of the strength of a large number of people engaged in the work of the basic level of staff, and then the original authenticity of the construction is damaged. In the face of the external damage assessment fuzzification, internal damage determination without quantification and other issues, blind and passive rescue repair, resulting in most wooden components missing the best repair and maintenance period. As a result, the permanent passage of ancient culture and texture of the local settlements is destroyed. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to explore the method of structural damage coupling of the local ancient buildings under the concept of preventive protection..Timber member is the main element of ancient chinese architecture. Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Beijing are the representative concentrated areas in the northern region of the local construction. In view of the lack of research and the industry demand, the positive and reverse damage simulation and experimental data collection of the typical tree species will be carried out. Based on the coupling method of external image recognition technology and internal damage detection, the law of damaged lesions will be revealed. It is impoartant to study the suitability, accuracy and suitability of the method in this project. Building the damage diagnosis process and forming a preventive system method for the safety evaluation of the ancient buildings to improve the protection technology level of the local ancient buildings.

乡土古建筑不仅体现农耕文明的地域文化，也是村镇历史风貌、信息的重要载体。目前我国乡土古建使用强度大、从事文保工作的基层人员少，继而出现残损破坏建筑本体的原真性。面对外部残损评价模糊化、内部残损判定无量化等问题，盲目被动的抢救性修缮，导致多数木构件错过最佳修缮和维护期，造成古建自身文化的永久流逝，破坏乡土聚落的肌理，因而探索预防性保护理念下的乡土古建筑木构残损耦合判别方法与适宜技术至关重要且十分迫切。.木构是中国古代建筑的主体，山西、河南、河北、北京则是北方地区代表性乡土木构古建较为集中的地区。针对已有研究不足和行业需求，对典型树种正、逆向残损仿真及现场数据采集的系统化互证实验，采用构件外部图像识别技术和内部残损检测的耦合判别方法，揭示残损病变规律，重点突破对木构残损的预防性、准确性、适宜性等技术研究难点，为古建筑的安全性评价构建残损诊断流程及预防性的系统方法，提高乡土古建筑的保护科技水平。

本项目基于预防性保护视角，从北方乡土古建筑木构件的内外部残损病理病变规律进行研究，探索木构件残损的适宜性检测技术和检测结果的耦合判别的方法，梳理和总结残损检测流程，提出预防性保护的相关措施和方法建议。首先，对北方乡土古建筑木构件的内外部常见残损类型和残损位置进行影响因素分析，从构件的选材、病理、病变等方面进行研究，明确了相关残损诱发原因、病变特征和病变规律。其次，从古建筑木构件残损的传统检测方法和现代无损检测技术方法进行研究，使用应力波进行了图像诊断和波速诊断分析，构建距离判断修正；对阻抗仪进行了内部常见的空洞、虫蛀残损图像判别分析，查找相关优缺点；对不同残损位置进行模拟，构建波阻权重分配的耦合判别方法。最后针对不同的检测目的、残损部位等对适宜的检测方法研究，建立了残损检测流程和保护利用对策。