高口径利用率多频段高隔离度共口径天线阵研究

The increase of the complexity of wireless communication and radar systems demands antennas have the ability to combine multiple operation frequency bands within a single radiating aperture. Recent related researches about shared-aperture antennas face problems of low aperture efficiency and low channel isolation. The characteristics of each radiating mode cannot be controlled separately considering their strong mutual coupling. It is also difficult to realize a multiband shared-aperture antenna in millimeter-wave frequency band. This project will introduce the structure reuse concept to overcome these weaknesses listed above for a shared-aperture antenna. Several different radiating elements will be combined as a single multiband element and they are constituent parts of each other in their respective configurations. In this case, the aperture efficiency of the multiband antenna will be increased much more. Besides, these radiating modes at different frequency bands can be uncoupled and isolated. The characteristics of each radiating mode can be controlled separately. Two technological approaches for shared-aperture antennas will be formed in this work, including the major structure combination and the component combination of radiating structures. Some key technologies will be broken through, including the realization and beam scanning of the multiband antenna array with large and small frequency ratios, the isolation improvement between different frequency channels, and the bandwidth expansion and polarization control. The synthesis method of the multiband shared-aperture antenna will be established and validated by experiment. The multiband antenna array and beam scanning antenna array will be developed with high orthogonality between different radiating modes from different radiating structures, high characteristic flexibility of different radiating modes, simple configuration and high aperture utilization. The proposed project presents multiple highly original and innovative research tasks and involves both theoretical and experimental aspects.

无线通信系统与雷达系统日益复杂化，对天线提出了多频段共口径融合发展要求。现有多频共口径天线阵面临口径利用率低、通道隔离度不足、性能相互制约难以独立控制等问题，也难以满足在毫米波频段实现共口径天线的需要。本项目针对上述问题展开，引入结构融合共口径思路，将多个辐射器合理融合后互为对方结构组成，以解决多辐射器高口径利用率共口径融合、结构融合多辐射器工作模式间去耦合、结构融合多辐射器工作模式特性独立调控等关键问题，形成多辐射器主体结构融合与组成构件融合两种共口径途径，突破大频率比和小频率比多频段天线阵高效共口径实现与波束扫描、通道间隔离度提升、带宽拓展与极化控制等关键技术，建立多频共口径天线综合体系并实验验证，实现多体多模正交隔离且电气各自独立、形式简单且融合度高的多频共口径天线阵/扫描天线阵技术原型。

无线通信系统与雷达系统日益复杂化，对天线提出了多频段共口径融合发展要求。现有多频共口径天线阵面临口径利用率低、通道隔离度不足、性能相互制约难以独立控制等问题，也难以满足在毫米波频段实现共口径天线的需要。本项目针对上述问题展开，涉及多辐射器结构融合机理与实现方法，大频率比多频共口径天线阵实现与性能优化方法，小频率比多频共口径天线阵实现与性能优化方法等内容。通过引入结构融合共口径思路，将多个辐射器合理融合后互为对方结构组成，解决了多辐射器高口径利用率共口径融合、结构融合多辐射器工作模式间去耦合、结构融合多辐射器工作模式特性独立调控等关键问题，形成了多辐射器主体结构融合与组成构件融合两种共口径途径，突破了大频率比和小频率比多频段天线阵高效共口径实现与波束扫描、通道间隔离度提升、带宽拓展与极化控制等关键技术，建立了多频共口径天线综合体系并实验验证，实现了多体多模正交隔离且电气各自独立、形式简单且融合度高的多频共口径天线阵/扫描天线阵技术原型，在共口径利用率、通道隔离度、扫描性能等指标上处于国际先进水平。.上述研究共发表学术论文33篇，含IEEE TAP论文16篇，1篇论文入选ESI高被引论文；国内外学术会议作邀请报告7次；授权发明专利11项，含美国专利1项；培养博士研究生3人、硕士研究生3人，其中一人获电子科技大学2020届校优秀硕士学位论文；学术成果被多位国内外知名学者积极评价与使用，被称赞为双频共口径工作的重要进展（significant advancement），有吸引力的方案（attractive solution），第一选择（the first choice）。相关学术成果获2022年IEEE Antennas and Propagation Ulrich L. Rohde Innovative Conference Paper Award，IEEE国际天线与电波传播会议（AP-S/URSI 2019，天线领域顶级会议）、电磁学研究进展国际会议（PIER2019）、IEEE国际无线会议（IWS2019）学生论文竞赛奖励，2022 AP-S Undergraduate Summer Research Scholarship，一篇论文入选2022年度十大天线热门文章；相关成果已经与中电、兵器、航天等科研单位合作，应用于装备研制任务，产生了良好的军事及经济效益。