高功率脉冲负载接入的舰船中压直流电网与超级电容储能接口双向变换器研究

Shipboard integrated power system (IPS) and electromagnetic weapons are two symbolic technologies of future advanced ships. Medium-voltage DC (MVDC) IPS indicates the trend of shipboard IPS. We have already developed the quasi-second-generation MVDC IPS. Now, we are doing research on theories of the second-generation MVDC IPS, one of the distinct characteristics of which is containing energy storage system. The ultracapacitor energy storage system has found a wide utilization in electric vehicles and rail transit, but when used as a shared power supply for electromagnetic weapons, there are some theoretical problems needed to be solved. The bidirectional converter as an interfacing converter is the hub for the ultracapacitor accessing to shipboard MVDC grid. The access of the ultracapacitor in shipboard MVDC grid may cause problems in matching of port characteristics, topology design and coordinated control of the bidirectional converter. Aiming at such problems, the project will firstly unravel port characteristics of the bidirectional converter and design a matched topology. Secondly, by mathematical modeling, the project will research operating and coordinated control strategies of the bidirectional converter. The research results will lay theoretical foundation for utilizations of the ultracapacitor energy storage system and electromagnetic weapons namely high-power pulse loads on board.

综合电力系统和电磁能武器是未来先进舰船的两大标志性技术。中压直流综合电力系统是舰船综合电力系统的发展方向，我国已经成功研制一代半中压直流综合电力系统，目前正在开展二代中压直流综合电力系统理论研究，其显著技术特征之一是包含储能分系统。超级电容储能已广泛应用于电动汽车、轨道交通等领域，将其应用于电磁能武器供电并实现储能共享尚面临一些理论问题。双向变换器作为接口变换器，是超级电容接入舰船中压直流电网的“枢纽”。本项目针对超级电容储能通过双向变换器接入中压直流电网所引发的输入输出端口特性匹配、双向变换器拓扑结构设计与协调控制等问题，通过研究双向变换器输入输出端口的匹配特性，设计相应的拓扑结构以满足输入输出端口电压电流的要求；通过研究不同运行模式下双向变换器的数学模型，进而研究其运行控制策略，以及多功能运行需求下的协调控制，为超级电容储能以及电磁能武器等高功率脉冲负载装舰使用提供理论支撑。

本项目设计了一种隔离型模块化多电平三端口双向直流变换器拓扑结构，根据该拓扑结构的特点提出了一种可变增益的斩波移相-方波调制方法，该调制方法能够同时改变交流电压脉宽和幅值。在斩波移相-方波调制方法的基础上，采用NSGA2算法对该双向直流变换器进行了优化，可以同时减小交流电流有效值和峰峰值。对双向直流变换器进行了广义状态空间平均建模，得到了小信号模型的传递函数，在此基础上设计了恒流充电和恒功率放电的控制策略及相关控制参数。最后，搭建了800kW原理样机硬件在回路实时仿真平台和10kW缩比样机实验平台，相关实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。