水稻抗旱表型数字化鉴定新方法研究与应用

Traditional phenotyping of drought resistance in rice is mainly manual, which is subjective, inefficient, destructive, and lack-of-quantification, has become a new bottleneck in researches of rice drought resistance and functional genomics. To relieve the bottleneck, multi-scale, non-destructive, high-throughput, and digitalized phenotyping tools should be developed. Based on our previous research, to extract the drought resistance related traits, multi-imaging techniques (color imaging, hyper-spectral imaging, and micro-CT) are developed in this project. Combined with "three factors method", the rice drought resistance related traits are finally identified. And these traits and related techniques can be expanded to field plot inspection. After the phenotypic data are obtained and checked in the drought resistance experiments of the rice-core germplasm resource 533 accessions, the new loci and genetic architecture of drought resistance could be dissected combined with genome-wide association study (GWAS). Moreover, the novel drought resistance related traits derived in the high-throughput phenotyping tool also can be used to screen the rice accessions with better drought-resistance. In conclusion, combining of high-throughput phenotyping and GWAS will provide a novel insight into drought-resistance and rice breeding.

水稻抗旱相关表型传统观测手段主要依靠人工，存在主观性强、低效、有损无法实现动态观测、量化程度不够等缺点，已成为制约水稻干旱胁迫研究以及水稻功能基因组发展的主要瓶颈。针对水稻干旱胁迫研究中抗旱相关表型性状多尺度、无损、高通量、数字化提取需求，在原有工作积累的基础上，本项目提出一种基于（可见光-高光谱-微型CT）多光学成像的水稻抗旱相关新性状提取和鉴定方法。通过对不同光学图像解析提取（待筛选的）抗旱相关性状，并基于“三要素法”筛选和鉴定出有效的水稻抗旱相关新性状，且将部分新性状提取技术扩展应用于大田小区。同时，结合533份水稻核心种质资源干旱胁迫实验和全基因组关联分析技术，不仅可以高效挖掘水稻抗旱相关基因新位点、解析水稻抗旱表型组-基因组关联网络，挖掘出的抗旱相关表型新性状也可用来指导理想抗旱水稻品种筛选，对水稻抗旱育种也有应用价值和指导意义。

水稻抗旱相关表型传统观测手段主要依靠人工，存在主观性强、低效、有损、量化程度不够等缺点，已成为制约水稻干旱胁迫研究以及水稻功能基因组发展的主要瓶颈。针对水稻干旱胁迫研究中抗旱相关表型性状多尺度、无损、高通量、数字化提取需求，在原有工作积累的基础上，本项目提出一种基于（可见光-高光谱-微型CT）多光学成像的水稻抗旱相关新性状提取和鉴定方法。通过对不同光学图像解析提取（待筛选的）抗旱相关性状，并基于“三要素法”筛选和鉴定出有效的水稻抗旱相关新性状，且将部分新性状提取技术扩展应用于大田小区。同时，结合533份水稻核心种质资源干旱胁迫实验和全基因组关联分析技术，不仅可以高效挖掘水稻抗旱相关基因新位点，挖掘出的抗旱相关表型新性状也可用来指导理想抗旱水稻品种筛选，对水稻抗旱育种也有应用价值和指导意义。此外，本项目研发水稻抗旱表型数字化鉴定技术还成功应用于玉米、油菜表型数字化鉴定和高通量检测。本项目相关成果发表SCI论文14篇和中文核心论文5篇，其中9分以上SCI论文4篇；授权发明专利11项，成果转化2项；授权软件著作权2项。