城市开敞空间小气候-人行为数字模拟与评价

Rational design and effective use of urban open spaces is the key way of decreasing negative effects of rapid urbanization which has brought urban open spaces reduction.With the goal of improving urban open spaces comfort, based on perspective of users, this project studies the coupling relationship between urban open spaces microclimate environment and behavior comfort, which is focused on square, commercial pedestrian street and small park. Dynamic simulation from down to top has been used. Research content may include: 1) theoretical and experimental study of users behavior characteristic ( physiological and psychological ), basic behavior types (walking, standing and sitting), behavior comfort and related spatial patterns on the influence of urban open spaces microclimate; 2) building the microclimate- behavior simulation model used multi-agent method; 3) through experiment and simulation, evaluation of coupling relationship between urban open space microclimate and useres behavior, and trying to propose evaluation criterion and index. This research may provide foundation for urban open spaces design. And it is an important basic theory studies which is also pioneering and applicability.

城市开敞空间的合理设计和有效使用，是缓解当前城市因公共空间压缩而产生负面效应的关键途径之一。本项目以提升城市开敞空间舒适性为目标，以夏热冬冷长三角地区广场、商业步行街及小型公园绿地为研究对象，基于使用者的角度，通过自下而上的动态模拟，探讨开敞空间小气候环境与行为舒适性的耦合关系。包括：1）理论与实验结合，准确描述城市开敞空间小气候影响下的人群行为特征（生理、心理等）、基本行为类型（步行、站立、坐憩）、行为舒适性、小气候-行为适宜性空间形态特征；2）以多代理方法，构建小气候-行为模拟模型；3）通过实验与模拟，在对城市开敞空间小气候-行为耦合关系评价的基础上，尝试提出评价标准和构建指标。本项目有助于为城市开敞空间设计提供科学理性的依据，此为重要的基础理论工作，也是契合时代生态、生活需求的前沿课题和应用研究。

本项目以提升城市开敞空间舒适性为目标，以夏热冬冷长三角地区上海城市广场为研究对象，通过对上海城市广场的微气候实测、人行为观察，舒适度调查，研究了上海城市广场小气候与人行为的基本关联特性。在现有的climBOT模型、Lam, Fung Ki模型基础上，对建模基础平台进行了比较与优化；对热舒适模型进行了比较与优化；对行为规则进行了比较与优化，结合实测数据校验，从而构建了自下而上的，基于多代理的小气候-行为模拟模型。该模型的构建，为风景园林设计过程中人的行为与微气候关系的预测提供了工具及基础，具有广泛的应用价值。