顾及地形约束的高分辨率敏捷卫星宽幅成像任务优化研究

When agile satellites perform broad width imaging to area with terrain undulation, target occlusion problem is easy to occur. But until now, research on task planning for agile satellite broad width imaging considering terrain constraints has not been reported. According to time-varying and space-varying characteristic of terrain undulation effect caused by satellite’s high-speed motion, we will establish an optimal task model that take dynamic constraint of terrain in account, propose agile satellite terrain-adaptive optimal method for broad width imaging task planning. Firstly, by analyzing quantitative relationship among satellite orbit, imaging attitude and terrain parameter, a imaging time window prediction algorithm with digital terrain analysis is proposed, which could filter pseudo imaging time windows. Then, terrain-perceive imaging strip decomposition method based on cluster of similarity of imaging window method is put forward. On this basis below, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed, in which the maximal attitude maneuvering angle, attitude maneuvering speed and attitude stabilization time are selected as constraints, effective imaging area, cumulative angle and times of attitude maneuver are for optimal goal, a multi-objective evolutionary based method is selected to solve the optimization model. Finally, to verify the validity of the outcome of the theoretical study in this project, a simulation prototype system will be developed. The project can provide fundamental theory and core algorithms to agile satellite mission planning, enrich theoretical and technical system of satellite application.

敏捷卫星对地形起伏剧烈区域进行宽幅成像时，易出现目标被遮挡的情况。但目前，顾及地形遮蔽影响的敏捷卫星成像任务规划研究未见报道。本项目针对卫星运行中地形遮蔽效应的高动态、时变空变的特性，建立顾及地形动态约束的任务规划模型，提出适应地形变化的敏捷卫星宽幅成像任务优化的方法。首先通过地形遮蔽分析与卫星轨道、姿态的动态映射关系，提出基于数字地形分析的成像时间窗口预报方法，对地形起伏引起的“伪”成像时间窗口进行过滤；顾及地形遮蔽效应的时变特性，提出基于成像时间窗口聚类的成像区域分割方法，解决地形起伏区域的成像条带分解问题；以卫星姿态机动角、姿态机动速度、姿态稳定时间等为约束条件，建立顾及地形动态约束多目标优化模型，采用多目标进化算法求解模型；最后，研发宽幅成像任务仿真原型系统，验证研究的有效性。本项目研究可为敏捷卫星任务规划提供理论基础和核心算法，完善敏捷成像卫星应用理论与技术体系。

项目针对卫星运行中地形遮蔽效应的高动态、时变空变的特性，建立了顾及地形动态约束的任务规划模型，提出适应地形变化的敏捷卫星宽幅成像任务优化的方法。通过地形遮蔽分析与卫星轨道、姿态的动态映射关系，提出了基于数字地形分析的成像时间窗口预报方法，对地形起伏引起的“伪”成像时间窗口进行过滤；根据地形遮蔽的时变特性，提出了基于成像时间窗口聚类的成像区域分割方法，解决地形起伏区域的成像条带分解问题；以卫星姿态机动角、姿态机动速度、姿态稳定时间等为约束条件，建立顾及地形动态约束的任务优化模型，提出了两种改进的进化算法求解模型；采用月球仿真数据，验证了时间窗口预报与过滤、区域覆盖率快速计算、成像条带分解、模型求解算法的的有效性；面向珞珈一号01星区域成像需求，研发成像任务规划系统，成功应用于卫星全国夜光一张图的成像任务规划。