一种高压快速光控脉冲晶闸管开关研究

Pulsed power systems with high repetition rate, long life, high reliability, and compactness are required in applications such as high-power microwaves, accelerators, and biomedical fields, in which high repetition rate, long life, stable and reliable switches are extremely important. This paper proposes a high-voltage high dI/dt Laser Controlled pulsed thyristor switch. A PNPN structure of thyristor was adopted in the switch design. Because of the carrier gain effect, less triggering energy was possible. Besides, the gate current concentration was reduced using multiple gates method. This high-voltage high dI/dt Laser Controlled pulsed thyristor switch has the potential to achieve high power capacity, high repetition rate and switch speed, long life, high reliability, and fast turn-on speed simultaneously. The investigation will study on the process of switch carrier generation and diffusion through methods including device simulation, process design, and experimental verification. The effects of switch performance on parameters such as pulsed thyristor materials, process parameters, and triggering light will be explored.Operation mechanism of the switch could be obtained as well as the design method. It's expected to achieve high dI/dt of 300kA/μs which will significantly improve switch performance and accelerat the application of the solid state pulsed power systems.

高功率微波、加速器、生物医学等应用对脉冲功率系统提出了高重复频率、长寿命、高可靠性、紧凑等方面的要求，其中具有高重复频率、长寿命，且稳定可靠的开关十分关键。本项目提出了一种高压快速光控脉冲晶闸管开关，采用晶闸管的PNPN结构，通过载流子增益降低对触发光的能量需求，同时采用多个门级以降低门级电流浓度，该开关具有同时实现高功率容量、高导通速度、高重复频率、长寿命和高可靠性的可能。本项目将从载流子产生、扩散等过程入手，综合采用器件仿真、工艺设计、实验验证等多种方法进行研究，探明开关材料、工艺参数和触发光参数等对其性能的影响，进而明确其工作机制并掌握设计方法。通过本项目研究，有望实现电流上升率300kA/μs，大幅度提高开关性能，推动固态脉冲功率系统的实用化。

高功率微波、加速器、生物医学等应用对脉冲功率系统提出了高重复频率、长寿命、高可靠性、紧凑等方面的要求，其中具有高重复频率、长寿命，且稳定可靠的开关十分关键。项目提出了一种高压快速光控脉冲晶闸管开关，主要研究了该新型器件工作机制、触发激光及工作参数对开关性能的影响研究等，完成了新型光控脉冲晶闸管设计与验证、并基于此开关设计了高压快速光控脉冲晶闸管开关串联阵列等。研究发现，该器件具有两种导通机制。一种为线性模式，开关峰值功率随激光峰值功率呈线性变化，可称之为光致线性导通模式；另一种为非线性模式，开关峰值功率随激光峰值功率呈非线性变化，主要随电场变化而变化，可称之为场致倍增导通模式，该模式与传统电控器件导通过程类似；两种导通模式会同时出现，在不同的导通阶段内分别发挥主导作用。基于两种主导工作模式，光致线性导通模式实现了开关工作电压5kV，短路电流达到8kA，电流上升前沿达到19ns，di/dt指标超过400kA/μs的技术指标；场致倍增导通模式实现了开关工作电压5.2kV，短路电流达到9.1kA，电流上升前沿达到136ns，di/dt指标达65kA/μs的技术指标。采用光致线性导通模式的器件，电流与导通速度已达到部分气体开关的指标，使得在大电流快脉冲的脉冲功率应用中，采用高功率固态器件替代气体开关成为了可能。采用场致倍增导通模式的器件，由于需要触发光源较小，可靠性更高，已在起爆点火系统中得到应用。