非编码RNA基因调控水稻重要农艺性状的机理研究

Rice is a major crop for staple food and has strategic impact on food security. Rice yield is determined by some important agricultural traits including -yield traits, root development and disease resistance. Rice heavy metal content is a major concern in food security. Application of male sterility forms the foundation for hybrid rice production. Photoperiod sensitive male sterile rice made possible the two-line hybrid rice system and opened the new era of hybrid rice. We and collaborators have long time experience in basic research on the genetic and molecular basis underlying rice panicle and root development, photoperiod sensitive male sterility, disease resistance and heavy metal content regulation. Our recent studies have discovered some noncoding RNA genes participating in the regulation of these traits. Noncoding RNAs are generated and function through diverse mechanisms, which are research hotspots in recent years. However, the roles of noncoding RNAs in regulating important agricultural traits in rice remain largely unknown. Based on our previous studies, this project aims to further investigate the roles and mechanisms by which noncoding RNA genes, such as long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), phased siRNA (phasiRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), regulate important agricultural traits of rice, including panicle and root development, photoperiod male sterility, disease resistance and grain Cadmium content. The results obtained from this project will provide new theoretic foundation and new genetic materials for rice improvement.

水稻是主要的粮食作物，关乎国计民生。水稻的产量由产量要素性状、根系发育、抗病性等共同决定，稻米重金属含量关乎食品安全，雄性不育的利用是杂交稻培育的基础，光周期敏感雄性不育水稻开启了两系杂交稻新时代。申请人和合作团队长期从事稻穗发育、根系发育、光敏雄性不育、抗病、重金属元素调控等重要性状的遗传与分子机理研究，在近年的研究中发现水稻的非编码RNA基因参与了这些性状的调控。非编码RNA多样的生成和作用机制已成为近年来的研究热点，但非编码RNA对水稻重要农艺性状的调控还有待研究。本项目拟在我们前期研究的基础上，进一步研究lncRNA、siRNA、phasiRNA、miRNA等非编码RNA调控稻穗发育、根系发育、光敏不育、抗病性和稻米镉含量等重要农艺性状的作用机制，为水稻的遗传改良提供新的理论依据和育种材料。

水稻是主要的粮食作物，关乎国计民生。水稻的产量由产量要素性状、根系发育、抗病性等共同决定，稻米重金属含量关乎食品安全，雄性不育的利用是杂交稻培育的基础，光周期敏感雄性不育水稻开启了两系杂交稻新时代。申请人和合作团队长期从事稻穗发育、根系发育、光敏雄性不育、抗病、重金属元素调控等重要性状的遗传与分子机理研究，在近年的研究中发现水稻的非编码RNA基因参与了这些性状的调控。非编码RNA多样的生成和作用机制已成为近年来的研究热点，但非编码RNA对水稻上述重要农艺性状的调控还有待研究。通过在本项目实施的过程中，我们研究了lncRNA调控水稻产量性状和根系发育的机制，发现了lncRNA MISSEN和MSPP1/2分别调控水稻胚乳和雄配子发育的分子机制，为培育高产高品质水稻品系提供了新理论依据和遗传资源，解析了lncRNA HID1调控根系发育的分子机制并证实了其在水稻发育过程中发挥重要作用；我们研究了敲低水稻HEN1和SGS3导致光谱抗病性的机制，发现了SGS3-tasiRNA-ARF和HEN1-miR528等组成的水稻免疫反应负调控模块，同时创造了多个高抗材料为水稻的抗病育种打下了材料基础；我们研究了phasiRNA基因LDMAR调控水稻光敏雄性不育性的分子机制，鉴定到了LDMAR产生的导致水稻光敏雄性不育的关键phasiRNA及其靶基因，同时解析了不同类型phasiRNA产生的共性机制，为光敏雄性不育的进一步改良和应用提供了理论依据；我们还研究了miR482调控水稻镉含量的作用机制，解析了由IPA1-MIR482-UCL7/HMAD1组成的水稻镉含量调控通路，并创制了低镉水稻材料。通过本项目的研究我们揭示了不同类型的非编码RNA基因在水稻的重要农艺性状调控中的重要作用，为水稻的遗传改良提供了新的理论依据和育种材料。