交流可见度和结构洞视角下交互记忆系统及知识行为研究

Knowledge behaviors concern knowledge seeking, knowledge contributing, etc. The knowledge residing in human minds is closely related to contexts, showing the characteristics of being implicit, dynamic and subjective. Enormous loss is caused in organizations and society as a result of failing to share knowledge. Online knowledge sharing networks break through the limits of time and space, making people with common interests, goals, needs or practices converge and interact to seek and contribute knowledge. Nevertheless, the development of online knowledge sharing networks is in the early stage. This project explores transactive memory stystems and knowledge behaviors of online knowledge sharing networks with the aim of facilitating knowledge sharing and knowledge innovation practice, having important theoretical and practical implications. Specifically, this project would elicit the impacting factors of transactive memory stystems and knowledge behaviors oriented to different communication visibility contexts through literature review, focus group interview, survey, etc., and would illustrate and present detailed prospects. It would analyze structural holes of different types of online knowledge sharing networks such as the academic ones with different communication visibility contexts. It would employ quantitative modeling methods such as SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) and hierarchical multiple regression analysis to explore influencing patterns of transactive memory stystems and knowledge behaviors. It would employ the method of comparing means such as paired-sample t-test to compare mean difference of transactive memory stystems and knowledge behaviors as perceived by users. Finally, it would propose according strategies for optimizing transactive memory stystems and knowledge behaviors.

知识行为涉及知识搜寻、知识贡献等行为。存储于个人头脑中的知识与环境密切相关，表现出内隐性、动态性和主观性，知识共享的失败给组织和社会带来了巨大损失。在线知识共享网络突破了时空限制，使得拥有共同兴趣、目标或者需求的用户能够聚集在一起搜寻和贡献知识。但是，在线知识共享网络还处于发展初期。本项目研究在线知识共享网络的交互记忆系统及知识行为，旨在推动知识共享和知识创新实践。将采用文献调查、焦点小组访谈、问卷调查等方法抽取面向不同交流可见度环境的交互记忆系统及知识行为前置动因，表达和展现前置动因的详实图景；针对不同交流可见度环境，结合学术等不同类型在线知识共享网络对结构洞进行剖析；通过结构方程建模、层次多元回归分析等方法探寻交流可见度和结构洞视角下交互记忆系统及知识行为的影响规律；利用成对样本t检验等方法对交互记忆系统及知识行为的感知差异进行比较；针对性地提出优化策略。

存储在个人头脑中的知识表现出内隐性、动态性和主观性，互联网应用如知乎、微信、微博等突破了面对面交流环境下知识搜寻、知识分享等知识行为在空间和时间上的限制，并在用户的参与中形成了各类在线知识共享网络。本项目以交流可见度和结构洞为理论背景，结合不同的在线知识共享网络环境，围绕用户开展了广泛而深入的研究，取得了系列研究成果，完成了预期研究目标。首先，把握相关研究的现状和前沿动态，面向不同交流可见度环境探测和表达知识行为的前置动因，例如，交流可见度视角下在线知识共享网络用户认知和情感研究，交流可见度调节下知识分享影响因素扎根研究。接着，结合在线健康社区、学术社会网络站点对结构洞进行了剖析。然后，结合学术在线知识共享网络展开研究以发现交互记忆系统及知识行为影响规律，例如，多对多交流可见度环境如微信群、QQ群等已成为一种重要的在线学术交流环境，研究发现，工具性连接和情感性连接均对交互记忆系统产生正向影响并进而对学术知识贡献产生较大影响，观察他人行为对学术知识搜寻产生较大影响。结合健康在线知识共享网络展开研究以发现交互记忆系统及知识行为影响规律，例如，在线健康社区提供一对一问诊、一对多问答、大众传播等交流可见度环境，研究发现，感知知识采纳匿名和交流内容可见度对交互记忆系统产生正向影响，交互记忆系统、有用性对健康知识采纳产生正向影响。结合其他在线知识共享网络展开研究以发现交互记忆系统及知识行为影响规律，例如，在社会化商务环境下，网络半透明性和交流内容透明性均对交互记忆系统产生正向影响，并进而对知识共享产生正向影响，同时，相关性和能力均正向影响知识共享，自治对知识共享的作用被弱化。最后，结合学术环境、社会化商务环境等，对交互记忆系统、知识行为等进行了感知差异比较。本项目研究成果有力地推动了知识管理理论的创新和发展，为促进在线知识共享网络的健康发展、促进交互记忆系统和知识行为的优化提供了参考。