基于结构仿生的多组份层级复合材料/结构的冲击力学行为

Biological composites, like nacre and shellfish material, have captured the interest of the scientific community for their outstanding ability to amalgamate a host of properties such as high stiffness, high strength, high toughness, impact resistance and energy absorption. It is from the hierarchical structure, multi-phase and micro- and macro structural that nacre derives its excellent performance in coupling toughening and strength behavior. A unique brick-and-mortar with multi-component and multi-level composite materials/structures, which was imitated from nacre and nacrelike composites was developed. Experiments and numerical simulation were conducted to invest its mechanical behavior under quasi-static and dynamic impact loads. The deformation failure mechanism and analysis composite model of brick-and-mortar with multi-component and multi-level composite under dynamic loading condition are established. Additional, the mechanism coupling between different levels of hierarchical structures, flaw tolerance under high strain rate are described. the geometric parameter microstructure under different loading conditions was optimized based on the maximum absorption energy. It could provide theoretical and technical support for the integrated design of material structure.

贝壳类材料及其仿生结构以其独特的层级多相宏微细观结构，表现出优异的强韧性、容缺陷能力、抗冲击性及较高的能量吸收率等特性。本项目借鉴贝壳类生物材料微观结构上的多组份层级构型在能量耗散、耦合强韧化行为方面的优异性，开发细观“砖墙结构”的多组份层级仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料/结构，对其在准静态及动态冲击载荷下的力学行为开展详细的实验和数值模拟研究。力图建立和完善“砖墙结构”复合材料/结构在冲击载荷下的变形失效破坏机制及其动力学分析模型；阐明其多组份耦合强韧化、止裂机制及波至失效机理；以最大吸能为优化目标，给出不同载荷工况下相应的最优化细观结构几何参数。为材料结构一体化设计提供必要的理论和技术支撑。

贝壳类材料及其仿生结构以其独特的层级多相宏微细观结构，表现出优异的强韧性、容缺陷能力、抗冲击性及较高的能量吸收率等特性。本项目借鉴贝壳类生物材料微观结构上的多组份层级构型在能量耗散、耦合强韧化行为方面的优异性，对其在准静态及动态冲击载荷下的力学行为开展详细的实验和数值模拟研究。开展了“砖墙结构”复合材料的准静态压缩/拉伸力学响应实验研究；开展了“砖墙结构”复合材料的动态压缩/拉伸力学响应实验研究；开展了“砖墙结构”复合材料层合板落锤实验；以及进行了“砖墙结构”多相复合材料/结构的几何参数优化。.通过本项目得到了砖混结构在爆炸载荷下的破坏模式以及增韧机理；分析了胞元大小以及偏转角度对断裂韧性，能量吸收的影响；获得了堆叠层数、锤头类型和冲击速度对砖混结构力学响应的影响；探讨了裂纹偏转和微裂纹对其抗爆防护性能的提升；阐明其多组份耦合强韧化、止裂机制及波致失效机理；以最大吸能为优化目标，给出不同载荷工况下相应的最优化细观结构几何参数。本项目为材料结构一体化多功能设计提供必要的理论和技术支撑，满足航空航天、国防及民用领域结构安全防护工程对材料的高强度、高韧性、轻质、抗冲击等方面的需求。