极度濒危物种峨眉金线莲的濒危机制与保育研究

In order to protect and restore the resources of Anoectochilus emeiensis K. Y. Lang. which is under state protection, endangered and extremely valuable, it is urgent matter to reveal the endangered mechanism and study the conversation biology. Based on previous study, the proposed study aims to determine the assumption "the main reason which lead to the endangerment of Anoectochilus emeiensis are as follow: heavy human activities and environmental changes result in small watershed changes, the distribution range of the plants associated with endosymbionts growth has changed, lack of pollinators, and lack of population genetic diversity". In order to test the hypothesis, five populations throughout the entire distribution of the species are chosen, the populations structures and their succession dynamics, their life history, reproductive ecology, and genetic diversity by the means of ISSR will be studied. To protect and preserve Anoectochilus emeiensis, Ex situ conservation, shoot and seed tissue culture system, and wild reintroductionthen experiment will be launched. In addition, the artificial breeding achievements will be transformed.

本项目在国内首次选择既是国家重点保护、珍稀濒危又具有极大开发价值的峨眉山特有药用植物---峨眉金线莲为研究对象，在对其濒危现状全面踏查的基础上，找出峨眉金线莲在种群结构及演替动态方面的原因，了解峨眉金线莲的生活史，另外结合生殖生态学及以ISSR为分子标记的遗传多样性研究，检验前期预实验结果提出的假设"导致峨眉金线莲濒危的主要因素为高强度的外界人为干扰对生境和植株个体的直接破坏、重要传粉媒介的缺失及遗传多样性的匮乏"，拟揭示峨眉金线莲的濒危机制，填补国内峨眉金线莲研究的空白。并针对目前的濒危现状，采用人工繁育和种群构建的方法进行保育、迁地保护和野外回归引种，另外对人工繁育生物学研究的成果进行应用转化，开辟峨眉金线莲的产业化途径。

本项目通过对峨眉金线莲野外分布概况、生境特点、物候生态、传粉生物学、遗传多样性的研究，初步揭示了峨眉金线莲的濒危机制，验证了之前提出的假设“导致峨眉金线莲濒危的主要因素为高强度的外界人为干扰对生境和植株个体的直接破坏、重要传粉媒介的缺失及遗传多样性的匮乏”，并对其转录组学进行了初步分析，挖掘了一批SSR引物，填补国内峨眉金线莲研究的空白。同时采用人工繁育和种群构建的方法进行保育、迁地保护和野外回归引种，选育出优良的峨眉金线莲品系51个，另外对人工繁育生物学研究的成果进行应用转化，尝试开辟峨眉金线莲的产业化途径。