Sheet erosion processes involve many profound scientific issues of soil erosion processes and hence, are the important objects in international soil erosion research. Sheet erosion processes on loess hillslope are accompanied by a large amount of water resource loss of sheet flow and its aggravation to rill erosion, ephemeral gully erosion and total water erosion on hillslope. In the past domestic and foreign researches, however, the researches on dynamic processes and modeling of sheet erosion on hillslope were very weak, and the researches on sheet erosion processes on steep hillslope were seldom done. In addition, the past researches had some considerable problems in sheet erosion observations. All of these have greatly restricted developments of soil erosion process theories and process-based soil erosion model on hillslope in the world, and the scientific requirements of controlling soil and water loss in the loess region. This project aims at the dynamic processes of sheet erosion on steep hillslope and adopts simulated rainfall experiment on three-area soil pan to identify the detachment, transport and their limited processes in sheet erosion processes on loess hillslope, and study detachment capacity by raindrop, sediment transport capacity in sheet flow and the response of soil detachment by sheet flow to driving force and sediment load in sheet flow on hillslope. Dynamic equations of detachment capacity by raindrop and sediment transport capacity in sheet flow, and response equation of soil detachment rate by sheet flow to driving force and sediment load in sheet flow will be established. The coupling relationship of sheet erosion rate with them will further be established so that the process-based sheet erosion model will be established on hillslope finally. The study will realize deep revealing and scientific establishment of prosesses and model of sheet erosion on hillslope effectively, and provide an important scientific basis for controlling soil and water loss on hillslope.
片蚀过程承载着土壤侵蚀过程丰富的科学问题,是国际土壤侵蚀研究的重要对象。黄土坡面片蚀过程伴随着大量片流水资源流失及其对细沟侵蚀、浅沟侵蚀与坡面总侵蚀的加剧。然而以往国内外研究中,对坡面片蚀动力学过程与模拟的研究很薄弱,对陡坡坡面片蚀过程研究很少,且存在明显的观测问题,严重制约了国际坡面侵蚀过程理论与过程模型的发展,以及黄土地区坡面水土流失治理的科学需求。本项目针对陡坡坡面片蚀动力学过程,采用三区土盘模拟降雨试验方法,判别黄土坡面片蚀过程中的分离、搬运及其限制过程,研究坡面雨滴分离能力、坡面片流搬运能力、坡面片流分离对驱动力与输沙的响应,建立雨滴分离能力动力学方程、片流搬运能力动力学方程、片流分离率对驱动力与输沙的响应方程,并进一步建立它们与片蚀率之间的耦合关系,建立基于过程的坡面片蚀模拟模型。该研究将有效实现坡面片蚀过程与模型的深入揭示与科学建立,为坡面水土流失治理提供重要科学依据。
片蚀过程承载着土壤侵蚀过程丰富的科学问题,是国际土壤侵蚀研究的重要对象。黄土坡面片蚀过程伴随着大量片流水资源流失及其对坡面总侵蚀的加剧。以往国内外研究中,对坡面片蚀动力学过程与模拟的研究很薄弱,对陡坡坡面片蚀过程研究很少,且存在明显的观测问题,严重制约了国际坡面侵蚀过程理论与过程模型的发展,以及黄土地区坡面水土流失治理的科学需求。本项目针对陡坡坡面片蚀动力学过程,采用三区土盘模拟降雨试验方法,研究了黄土坡面片蚀过程中的分离、搬运及其限制过程、雨滴分离能力、片流搬运能力、片流分离对驱动力与输沙的响应、基于过程的片蚀模拟模型。主要结果为:(1)片蚀过程中的分离、搬运及其限制过程,在最小坡度与小雨强组合下(7°及0.8-1.5mm/min),为完全受片流搬运限制的过程,在最大坡度与大雨强组合下(25°及2.0-2.5mm/min),为完全受雨滴及片流分离限制的过程,在其余坡度雨强组合下皆为产流早期时段受片流搬运限制、产流后期时段受雨滴及片流分离限制,并出现雨滴分离与片流搬运动态平衡时刻的过程;(2)雨滴动能与片流水深组合是与雨滴分离能力关系最密切的降雨及水力学参数,雨滴分离能力动力学方程是雨滴分离能力对雨滴动能、片流水深综合响应的幂函数-指数函数组合方程式;(3)水流功率与雨滴动能组合是与片流搬运能力关系最密切的水动力学及降雨参数,片流搬运能力动力学方程是片流搬运能力对水流功率、雨滴动能综合响应的幂函数-指数函数组合方程;(4)水流功率与雨滴动能组合是与片流分离率关系最密切的水动力学及降雨参数,片流分离率对驱动力与输沙的响应方程是片流分离率对水流功率及雨滴动能与输沙率响应的三元幂函数方程,水流功率及雨滴动能与输沙率对片流分离率影响的贡献率分别为65.69%、18.41%和6.5%;(5)片蚀过程中片蚀率的大小受雨滴分离能力、片流搬运能力、片流分离率的制约与影响,可划分为受分离限制过程及受搬运限制过程模拟。基于过程的片蚀模拟模型是雨滴分离能力动力学方程与片流分离率对驱动力与输沙响应方程的加和方程模拟受分离限制过程的片蚀率及片流搬运能力动力学方程模拟受搬运限制过程的片蚀率的分段方程。该研究有效实现了坡面片蚀过程与模型的深入揭示与科学建立,可为坡面水土流失治理提供重要科学依据。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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