面神经运动神经冲动信号提取和特征分析

Loss of facial nerve function profoundly alters an individual’s self-image and ability to communicate and express emotion. It also hampers the ability to perform many routine activities and even threatens vision because of loss of blink reflex. The current treatments cannot completely avoid the severe complications. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a general term for therapeutic methods that use electrical stimulation to aid or replace lost ability. Electrical stimulation can act directly on the central nervous system or it can be applied to the peripheral nervous system to restore volitional motion. However, the components and parameters of the normal facial never impulse signal has not been determined, as well as the most appropriate signal of electrical stimulation. It is very difficult to detect the normal facial never impulse signal because it is weak and susceptible to be disturbed by noise. Our aim in this project is to extract and analyze the details of impulse signal of the normal facial never, using three kinds of electrode and the weak signal detection technology. On this basis, it could be possible to restore volitional motion and facial nerve function by combining these signals as the stimulus signal in the paralysis of the facial nerve and facial.

面神经瘫痪严重影响患者自我形象、社交能力、情绪表达，并妨碍许多日常活动能力，甚至引起失明等严重并发症。目前的治疗均不能完全避免严重并发症的发生。功能性电刺激（FES）是用电刺激帮助或取代缺失功能的治疗的总称，可以直接作用于中枢神经系统，也可用于周围神经系统，或者刺激神经支配的肌肉，可以恢复神经损伤或患者的自主运动功能。因此已被用于恢复瘫痪面肌的实验研究。但由于面神经冲动信号微弱，且易受噪声干扰而不易被检测，目前正常面神经冲动信号的成分和参数尚未确定，因而最合适的电刺激信号参数也未确定。因此本课题使用三种不同类型电极与面神经链接，采用微弱信号检测技术对正常面神经内运动神经冲动信号进行提取，并分析其成分和具体参数。尤其是眨眼和持续闭眼时的神经冲动信号。尽可能将有用信号提取出来，并抑制噪声的干扰。在此基础上，将这些信号作为FES信号作用于瘫痪的面神经或面肌，从而使恢复其自主运动功能成为可能

面神经麻痹严重影响患者自我形象、社交能力、情绪表达，甚至引起失明等严重并发症。目前的治疗效果皆不尽人意。功能性电刺激（FES）是用电刺激帮助或取代缺失功能的治疗的总称，可以直接作用于中枢神经系统，也可用于周围神经系统，或者刺激神经支配的肌肉，可以恢复神经损伤或患者的自主运动功能，已被用于恢复瘫痪面肌的实验研究。本课题在前期研究基础上，成功建立慢性周围性面瘫动物模型，研制可应用于动物模型的神经外膜电极、神经束间电极和神经束内电极。通过动物活体植入试验，明确神经外膜电极稳定性最高，神经束内电极敏感度最高。获得自然持续闭眼和诱发眨眼状态下正常面神经冲动信号，进行信号放大分析，去除本底噪音，提取面神经信号参数。明确50Hz双相方波诱发不同眼肌收缩状态的电流、电压组合。设计并实现可检测面神经冲动信号的微弱信号检测方法和电路，建立了信号检测系统，提出了针对面神经冲动信号提取的可行性方案，未来将在进一步降低背景噪音方面及系统提高信噪比方面进一步研发。