仿生纳米通道浓差能量转换体系的设计、构筑及性能研究

In recent years, biomimetic nanochannels have attracted extensive attention for its special ion transport characteristics. However, the existing research work mainly concentrate on nanochannels preparation and smart responsive properties, less attention has been focused on the application in energy conversion system. Biomimetic nanochannels exhibit ion selectivity and ion rectification properties similar to their biological analogues, which play key roles in the construction of energy conversion systems. Furthermore, China's demand for new clean energy increases with the advancing of sustainable development strategy. Therefore, it is significant to construct energy conversion systems based on biomimetic nanochannels. According to the research progress and existing problems of nanochannel energy conversion systems, we will devote to explore the new approaches for realizing transmembrane ion concentration. Based on above approaches, we will prepare functional nanochannels, design electrolyte and choose suitable electrodes for constructing energy conversion systems, as well as systematically study the energy conversion properties and mechanism aimed at improving the performance through optimizing the components of the systems. This project provide the theoretical and experimental basis for constructing energy conversion systems based on biomimetic nanochannels.

近年来，仿生纳米通道因其特殊的离子输运性能引起了广泛的关注并取得了迅速的发展。然而，现有的研究主要集中在纳米通道制备及智能响应性能设计，对于其在能量转换体系构筑中的应用研究相对较少。仿生纳米通道具有类似生物体离子通道的离子选择通过、离子整流等特性，对能量转换体系的构筑起到了重要作用。随着国家可持续发展战略的不断推进，我国对新型清洁能源的需求变得愈发迫切，因此构筑基于仿生纳米通道的能量转换体系是一个十分重要且具有实际应用价值的研究课题。本项目根据纳米通道能量转换体系的研究进展及存在问题，拟通过设计跨膜离子浓差实现的新途径，指导纳米通道的制备及功能化修饰、电解质溶液组成的设计、电极材料的选择，进而构筑新型浓差能量转换体系，系统研究该体系的能量转换性能并深入探索其能量转换机制，从而反馈指导体系各主要组件的性能优化，以获得更高效的能量转换，为新型纳米通道能量转换体系的构筑提供理论和实验基础。

近年来，仿生纳米通道因其特殊的离子输运性能引起了广泛的关注并取得了迅速的发展，并在浓差能量转换体系中展现出了重要的应用前景。本项目针对传统浓差能量转换体系中输出电流的强度不易调控的关键问题，以制备仿生纳米通道为基础，通过功能化设计实现其离子传输特性的外场（光、电、pH、温度）调控，并基于此发展了几种实现可控跨膜离子浓差的新方法；基于仿生纳米通道分别构筑了可以利用光和温度调控电流输出强度的浓差能量转换体系。相关研究成果发表于《先进材料》《纳米能源》《先进科学》等期刊，并取得授权专利1项。本项目为后续纳米通道隔膜在高性能浓差电池中的应用提供了一定的研究基础和理论指导，具有较强的科学意义和潜在的应用价值。