特高压变压器GIC响应机制及电网无功效应研究

The reason that Geomagnetic Storms(GMS) can lead to electric equipment and grid accidents is the transmission line Geomagnetically Induced Currents(GIC) flowing through transformer can cause derivative interference, it is needed to study on the GIC response mechanism of ultra-high voltage transformer and the GIC reactive power(GIC-Q) response of electric system. The purposes of the project are to evaluate the GIC-Q response of large electric system, work on the GIC response mechanism of ultra-high voltage transformer, build the field-circuit model of ultra-high voltage main transformer considering the effect of core structure ,regulating compensation transformer and so on; deal with the GIC-Q loss and physical characteristic of ultra-high voltage transformer, propose an engineering algorithm on reactive loss of ultra-high voltage transformer with GIC-Q loss coefficient K referring to the influence of transformer capacity, load current etc; research the interaction between the GIC-Q disturbance of ultra-high voltage grid and sending-receiving end grid, also the affection of them, build up the reactive disturbance model of electric system based on the transformer capacity, number and reactive loss coefficient K; study the electric system’s GIC-Q disturbance which can influence and damage the stability of grid voltage, reveal the GIC response mechanism of ultra-high voltage transformer and the law of electric system’s GIC-Q, present GMS interference defense strategies based on dispatching & operation control. From the research, it can expand the evaluation theory and algorithm for grid GMS interference.

地磁暴导致电力设备及电网事故的原因是输电线路的地磁感应电流（GIC）流经变压器的衍生干扰所致，特高压变压器的GIC响应机制及电网的GIC无功（GIC-Q）效应需要研究。本项目以量化评估电网的GIC-Q效应为目标，研究特高压变压器的GIC响应机制，建立考虑铁芯结构和调压补偿变压器等因素影响的特高压主体变场路模型；研究特高压变压器GIC-Q损耗及物理特性，提出考虑变压器容量、负载电流等因素影响和用GIC-Q损耗系数K值表示的特高压变压器无功损耗工程算法；研究特高压电网GIC-Q扰动与送受端电网GIC-Q扰动的相互作用及影响，建立基于变压器容量、数量和无功损耗系数K的电网无功扰动模型；研究电网的GIC-Q扰动对电网电压稳定的影响与危害，揭示特高压变压器GIC响应和电网GIC-Q效应规律，提出基于调度运行控制的地磁暴干扰防御策略。通过研究，丰富电网地磁暴干扰评价理论与方法。

1989年3月13日魁北克大停电事故分析结果表明，地磁暴的地磁感应电流（简称GIC）侵害变压器次生的无功消耗增大，是事故发生和事故扩大的主要原因。本项目针对我国电网的发展，提出围绕GIC侵害特高压电网1000kV变压器的无功（简称GIC-Q）效应开展了深入的研究，以期为特高压电网地磁暴事故的分析及防治提供依据。本项目通过4年期的研究，完成了任务书规定内容的研究任务，实现了预期目标，研究工作取得的主要新进展和新成果包括：通过500kV阳泉站和1000kV昌乐站GIC侵害事件和GIC-Q波动现象的观测实验，首次获得了中等强度的地磁暴侵害1000kV昌乐站变压器产生的GIC-Q数据，并利用该数据，研究、提出了1000kV变压器GIC-Q损耗的计算方法；以及基于四阶龙格库塔法等方法，建立了单相四柱式特高压主体变的场路模型，探明了GIC侵害特高压变压器的响应机制；提出了基于K值法的特高压变压器的GIC-Q损耗工程算法；以甘肃超高压和华东特高压电网为例，建模计算了双电压等级电网 GIC-Q 损耗，以及电网的GIC电压（GIC-U）波动，揭示了多电压等级电网GIC-Q扰动特征及规律。相关理论成果已在新疆、蒙东电网应用。本项目发表论文40 余篇；其中，SCI 收录论文8篇，EI 收录论文18篇；申请发明专利4项；多次在重要会议做特邀报告。