朱红毛斑蛾觅偶行为的信息感受机制研究

Sexual communication in insects is vital to sexual reproduction. Understanding the sensory mechanisms could help to interpret the evolution of sexual communication. Phauda flammans Walker (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) is one of the most serious defoliating pests of Ficus. In recent years, intermittent outbreaks of this species serevely influenced human settlements, urban landscape, image and ecological benefits. In nocturnal moths, chemical signaling, especially the production of specific female pheromones, is central for mate detection and localization. Conversely, in dayflying butterflies, visual signals are primarily used for the detection of females by males. Phauda flammans is a diurnal moth, which are known to use both chemical and visual cues to detect females. Understanding the sensory mechanisms of diurnal moth could help to interpret the evolution of sexual communication of moths. Therefore, P. flammans is a perfect species to explore the scientific problem. Molecular mechanism that chemical signal was detected by olfactory was studied using the techniques of scanning electron microscope, GC-EAD, RT-PCR and RACE. Physiological mechanism that visual signal was detected by vision was studied using the techniques of scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and electrophysiology. Synergistic effects of both olfactory and visual organs was studied based on behavioral experiments. Results could provide essential information to understand the mechanism of sexual selection, to interpret the evolution of sexual communication of moths, and to provide technical support for the green control technology of urban forest pests.

昆虫雌雄间的信息交流是两性生殖的关键，对其信息感受机制的研究有助于解释两性交流的进化。朱红毛斑蛾Phauda flammans是榕树上的一种重要食叶害虫，常暴发为害，严重影响人居环境和城市生态效益。朱红毛斑蛾为日行性蛾类，与主要用嗅觉觅偶的夜行性蛾类和视觉觅偶的蝶类相比，日行性蛾类可同时基于嗅觉和视觉觅偶，明确日行性蛾类觅偶行为的信息感受机制对解释蛾类两性交流的进化至关重要。本项目以朱红毛斑蛾为材料，通过GC-EAD、RT-PCR和RACE等技术分析成虫觅偶时是如何基于嗅觉进行信息感受的分子机理；通过扫描电镜、透射电镜和电生理学等技术分析成虫觅偶时是如何基于视觉进行信息感受的生理机理，通过行为学实验分析嗅觉和视觉在成虫觅偶时的协同作用，解析朱红毛斑蛾觅偶行为的信息感受机制。研究结果不仅对明确朱红毛斑蛾性选择机理和解释蛾类两性交流的进化提供信息，还可为城市森林害虫的绿色防控提供技术支持。

朱红毛斑蛾为日行性蛾类，与主要用嗅觉觅偶的夜行性蛾类和视觉觅偶的蝶类相比，日行性蛾类可同时基于嗅觉和视觉觅偶，明确日行性蛾类觅偶行为的信息感受机制对解释蛾类两性交流的进化至关重要。本项目研究结果表明，朱红毛斑蛾成虫的触角（嗅觉）和复眼（视觉）分别在其远距离和近距离觅偶行为过程中发挥了重要作用。朱红毛斑蛾雌虫释放的性信息素主要组分为顺式-9-十六烯醛和(Z, Z, Z)-9, 12, 15-十八碳三烯醛，在配比1:1情况下，人工合成的性诱剂野外能诱捕到雄虫。朱红毛斑蛾性信息素结合蛋白PflaPBP1和PflaPBP2主要分布在触角中，PflaPBP1与顺式-9-十六烯醛和（Z，Z，Z）-9，12，5-十八碳三烯醛2种性信息素组分都具有结合能力，而PflaPBP2仅与（Z，Z，Z）-9，12，5-十八碳三烯醛具有结合能力；Z-9-十六烯醛与PflaPBP1的Leu 169和Ile 170 2个位点结合；（Z，Z，Z）-9，12，15-十八碳三烯醛与PflaPBP1和PflaPBP2的Ile 170和Lys 69位点结合。筛选出朱红毛斑蛾6个候选性信息素受体基因。朱红毛斑蛾雌雄成虫通过复眼近距离觅偶的最佳距离为25 cm范围内，超过此距离无法成功觅偶；复眼被水溶性黑色素处理后，其觅偶成功率显著低于对照。长波视蛋白、紫外视蛋白1、紫外视蛋白2和蓝光视蛋白在其觅偶过程中，可能发挥了重要作用。研究结果不仅为该虫的绿色防控提供了技术支撑，也为深入探索视觉和嗅觉调控朱红毛斑蛾觅偶的行为机制奠定了基础。