用于大气遥感的激光外差光谱技术及其探测大气水同位素HDO的研究

Studies have shown that the water vapor in the stratosphere is a key driving force for climate change. However, important scientific issues such as the process of vapor transport in the stratosphere and its impact on climate is still know with low level, due to the lack of an effective and convenient techniques for observing the distribution of atmospheric water vapor profiles. For resolving of these problems, combined with the advantages of high spectral resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, good system stability and compact system of the new laser heterodyne spectroscopy technique that suitable for mobile observation. The proposed project planning to carry out laser heterodyne spectroscopy for atmospheric remote sensing and its application in detection of atmospheric water Isotope HDO vertical profile. This will provides a convenient and effective new method and technique for the observation of the vertical profile of water vapor isotope HDO. Therefore, the important scientific issues such as tracing atmospheric water vapor, mechanism of the water vapor circulation and affecting on the climate and so on, could be resolved by obtaining the distribution of water vapor isotope (HDO) information.

研究表明平流层的水汽是气候变化的一个重要驱动因素，但因缺乏有效、方便的大气水汽廓线分布的观测手段，对平流层水汽的传输过程、其对气候的影响机制等重要科学问题的认知还不是很清楚。针对这些问题，结合激光外差光谱新技术的高光谱分辨率、高信噪比、系统便携性好、适合移动观测等优点，本项目拟开展用于大气遥感的激光外差光谱技术及其探测大气水汽同位素HDO垂直廓线分布的研究，为水汽同位素HDO垂直廓线的观测提供方便有效的新方法、新技术。通过获取水汽同位素HDO分布信息，实现对大气水汽的示踪，解决水汽循环机制、对气候的影响机制等重要的科学问题。

本项目针对大气中水汽同位素HDO的垂直廓线的观测需求，主要开展了基于激光外差光谱技术测量水汽同位素HDO垂直廓线的技术和方法研究，为进一步研究平流层中水汽的来源提供实验数据和观测手段。针对项目的研究目标和任务，项目首先详细分析了影响激光外场光谱仪性能的主要因素，总结了选择参数的方法，为建立高精度激光外差光谱仪提供了参考依据。其次，项目针对外场观测对仪器体积和功耗的需求，对激光外差光谱仪的关键器件进行小型化自制，实现了激光外差光谱仪的集成化。另外，研究基于激光外差光谱吸收信号的水汽同位素垂直廓线的反演方法，建立了一套完整的仪器函数测量方法及垂直廓线反演软件。最终，项目通过建立的便携式激光外差光谱仪及其反演算法，测量外场实际大气中的水汽同位素吸收光谱信号并反演出了垂直廓线，为进一步开展大气中水汽输送过程的观测提提供了研究基础。已发表相关研究论文3篇，申请发明专利1项。