基于新型共轭体系的蓝色单偶氮染料分子设计及性能研究

In this study, based on the advantages of the strong absorbing electron effect of the nitro-group on heterocyclic or aromatic ring structures and the formation of the new larger conjugated system through the azo-hydrazone tautomerism, as well as good reactivity and water solubility of the kind of amino-naphthalsulfonic structures of dye moieties, a new kind of monoazo water-soluble dyes with light bright blue color, high color strength, high molar absorption coefficient and deep colour effect was designed and synthesized. The relationship between molecular structures and spectral properties was revealed by optimizing the molecular structures of the monoazo dyes and the mechanism of pH color change was clarified. The pH-sensitive dyes which have high sensitivity and significant color change will be applied in visualization of pH changes on textile materials. All these results will provide certain theoretical guidance for the synthesis of the blue monoazo reactive or acid dyes, which also help lay the theoretical foundation and a new train of thought for their multifunctional application in cotton and other fibers.

本项目利用含硝基的杂环或芳环结构中硝基强烈的吸电子作用及易于通过偶氮-醌腙异构形成新型大共轭体系的优势，以及氨基萘酚磺酸类染料母体结构良好的反应性和水溶性的特点，设计合成一类新型色光鲜艳、发色强度高、具有较高摩尔吸光系数和深色效应的蓝色单偶氮水溶性染料。通过对单偶氮染料的分子结构调控优化，明确其分子结构与光谱特性之间的关联，揭示其酸碱变色作用规律。利用该类染料优异的pH敏感性和变色可视性，应用于酸碱变色纺织品等pH值监测中。项目研究不仅为该类蓝色单偶氮活性及酸性染料的分子设计提供一定的理论指导，更为棉及其它染色纤维的多功能性提供理论基础和全新思路。

偶氮染料由于原料易得、合成方法简便、色谱齐全，使其成为染料工业中生产量最多的染料品种。基于水溶性偶氮染料的分子结构和工艺效能优化一直是染料工作者的研究热点。本项目基于几种杂环或芳环结构较好的电子转移能力及硝基的强吸电子作用，以及易于通过偶氮-醌腙异构形成新型大共轭体系的优势，设计合成了一系列新型色光鲜艳、具有深色效应的蓝色单偶氮水溶性酸性及活性染料。该类染料由于其分子结构中新型共轭体系的形成，呈现出不同于常规单偶氮水溶性染料的颜色。其中，以含硝基的杂环芳胺为重氮组分的单偶氮酸性及活性染料具有优异的酸碱变色性能。通过本项目的研究，为该类蓝色单偶氮型水溶性染料的合成及应用提供了一种新的途径。