铝空气二次电池阳极新体系的构建及其充放电行为研究

Aluminum-air batteries are considered as the next-generation green power sources due to the high energy density, abundant aluminum metal, low cost, and environmental benign. However, the further development of traditional Al-air battery is hindered by the severe self-corrosion, low energy efficiency and non-rechargeable nature. Therefore, this project proposes to construct novel anode/electrolyte system and study the charge/discharge behavior and aims to explore rechargeable Al-air batteries with high performance. This project will systematically investigate the charge/discharge behavior of pure Al anodes with different purities and Al alloy anodes with various alloy elements in ionic liquid electrolytes, and will explain the mechanism of how purity, crystal size, alloy elements affect the open-circuit potential, charge/discharge capacities, coulombic efficiency, and anode utilization of Al-air secondary batteries. The project will emphasize the study of dendrite behavior of the various anodes during charge/discharge, combining with synchrotron radiation in situ real-time imaging technology to find a solution to hinder the dendrite growth through adjusting the composition and structure of Al anodes. This project will promote the performance Al-air secondary batteries and facilitate the exploring of grid-scale energy storage systems.

铝空气电池具有能量密度高、原材料丰富、价格低廉、环境友好等特点，被誉为新一代绿色能源。本项目针对传统铝空气电池自腐蚀严重、能量利用率低、不可充电等本征缺陷，提出了构建铝空气二次电池阳极体系，探索其循环充放电性能，旨在开发高性能的铝空气可充电电池系统。本项目拟研究不同铝阳极在离子液体电解液中的充放电行为，揭示纯铝中痕量杂质组分和含量及晶格取向，铝合金中高含量合金元素种类及含量等对铝空气二次电池阳极的开路电位、充电和放电容量、库伦效率以及阳极利用率等的影响机制；同时重点研究不同铝阳极在铝空气二次电池中的枝晶行为，结合同步辐射原位实时成像技术，阐明枝晶的形成与铝阳极组分和结构之间的内在关联；实现通过调控铝阳极的组分与结构来优化铝空气二次电池充放电性能并抑制铝阳极枝晶形成的研究目标。本项目的研究将推动高性能绿色低成本铝空气二次电池的开发，有助于智能电网用等大规模储能系统的跨越式发展。

铝丰富的储量和较低的成本，以及高的理论比容量，使得其作为阳极的铝空气电池具有能量密度高、原材料丰富、价格低廉、环境友好等特点，被誉为新一代绿色能源。本项目构建了新型的铝空气电池阳极体系，系统研究了纯铝阳极中杂质含量、晶粒大小，铝合金阳极中合金元素和加工方式等铝合金电化学行为和电池性能的影响，并揭示了其影响机制；结果表明高的纯度、细化的晶粒以及镁、锡等合金元素对铝阳极的电池性能具有促进作用。此外，研究了不同铝阳极在铝空气电池中的枝晶行为，阐明了枝晶的形成与铝阳极组分和结构之间的内在关联；实现了铝空气电池性能的提升。本项目的研究为推动高性能绿色低成本铝空气电池的开发提供了有力支撑。