被动建筑用太阳能烟囱与地埋管联合通风机理及调控策略研究

Passive building possesses good insulation performance, and low cooling and heating loads. How to reduce the energy consumption of its fresh air system is the key to energy conservation. This project intends to combine the solar chimney with earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE), and solar chimney is used to provide stack pressure to EAHE to drive the fresh air. Phase change material (PCM) is used to improve the ventilating stability and adjustability of solar chimney. The energy consumed by the air handling and transportation of the fresh air system can be hence greatly reduced. Considering the issue of building thermal heat storage, the coupling model of solar chimney and EAHE fresh air system is established by theoretical analysis method. The fluctuation characteristics of indoor thermal environment under periodic boundary conditions are studied. The theoretical and numerical simulation and experimental method are applied to explore the combined ventilation mechanism and ventilation performance of the coupling system; the key parameters that affect the indoor thermal environment and air quality are identified, and the optimum thermophysical parameters of PCM are also determine. Finally, the indoor thermal environment control strategies are explored for combing use of solar chimney, building thermal storage and EAHE. The results of this project are of great significance to improve the performance of passive buildings and reduce carbon emissions. The obtained results which can provide qualitative and quantitative basis for ventilation design and operation control for low-rise and small-sized buildings. It is beneficial supplement to .the theory of building ventilation.

被动式建筑保温隔热性能优越，冷热负荷低，如何降低其新风系统能耗是节能的关键。本课题拟结合太阳能烟囱与地埋管新风系统，依靠热压自然通风降低建筑新风系统空气处理和输送能耗，利用相变材料储存太阳能，增强通风稳定性和可调性。在考虑建筑蓄热存在的前提下，通过理论分析方法建立太阳能烟囱与地埋管新风系统耦合模型，研究周期性边界条件下，两者联合作用下室内热环境的波动特性；采用理论、数值模拟与实验相结合的方法探究太阳能烟囱与地埋管联合通风机理和通风效果；获取太阳能烟囱与地埋管联合运行条件下影响室内热环境和空气品质的关键参数，并确定兼顾日周期与年周期的相变材料最佳物性参数；提出太阳能烟囱和建筑蓄热与地埋管共同作用下室内热环境调控策略。本课题的成果对提高被动式建筑节能性能，减少碳排放具有重要的意义，课题成果可推广应用到低层、中小尺寸建筑中，为其通风设计及其运行调控提供定性、定量依据，是对建筑通风理论的有益补充。

太阳能烟囱（Solar chimney, SC）和土壤-空气换热器（EAHE）是具有应用潜力的太阳能和地热能利用技术之一，申请人基于太阳能烟囱和EAHE的特点提出了一种新的耦合热压自然通风系统形式，即在耦合系统中，利用建筑围护结构的蓄热能力减弱了室外环境向室内传递的热量，并利用建筑本体蓄热和太阳能烟囱激发的热压共同为EAHE预冷预热室外新鲜空气提供动力，而EAHE用于将新鲜空气引入室内环境，并将热量释放到土壤中（夏季）或从土壤汲取热量（冬季）。主要研究内容包括以下五方面。首先，通过实验研究确定了建筑本体和太阳能烟囱协同激发热压驱动EAHE自然通风的可行性，揭示了太阳能烟囱与地埋管联合自然通风机理。然后，分析了建筑蓄热与自然通风调节下的室内热环境特性。其次，量化分析了不同参数对耦合系统热压通风性能的影响。再次，研究了耦合系统全年自然通风及建筑室内热环境特性。最后，研究了相变材料传热机理及相变太阳能烟囱通风特性。本项目研究成果本对提高被动式建筑节能性能，减少碳排放具有重要的意义，课题成果可推广应用到低层、中小尺寸建筑中，为其通风设计及其运行调控提供定性、定量依据，是对建筑通风理论的有益补充。