Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gastrointestinal hormone secreted by endocrine L cells in intestinal tract, which participates in the regulation of glucose homeostasis through a variety of ways. The intestinal tract is inhabited by a large diverse community of bacteria collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota have a important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, especially because of its interaction with environmental components. However, the effects of gut microbiota on GLP-1 secretion and its mechanism have not been thoroughly investigated previously. Our previous research results show that, as an important source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, linseed oil can promote the GLP-1 secretion and enhance islet function. On the basis of this, this study uses a high fat diet (60% kcal fat)-induced mouse model of type 2 diabetes, and then treat mouse with antibiotics and/or flaxseed oil for 12 weeks, to reveal the effects of flaxseed oil on gut microbiota composition, discuss the role of intestinal microenvironment in contributing to the metabolism of GLP-1, and identify molecular mechanisms through G-protein coupled receptors .The result obtained in our study will provide a new basis theory of utilizing flaxseed oil in health care and chronic disease control, and nutritional prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)是由肠道内分泌L细胞分泌的胃肠激素,通过多种途径参与机体血糖稳态调节;同时在肠道中定植着大量微生物,与2 型糖尿病等代谢性疾病密切相关;但是肠道菌群作为环境因素,对宿主机体GLP-1分泌的影响及其作用机制目前尚不明确。因此我们提出假说:调节糖尿病患者肠道菌群结构,可能会改善GLP-1分泌。本课题组前期研究结果表明,亚麻籽油作为n-3脂肪酸的重要来源,具有促进GLP-1分泌和增强胰岛功能的作用。在此基础上,本研究采用60%高脂饲料建立2型糖尿病小鼠模型后,应用抗生素和/或亚麻籽油对小鼠干预12周,评价亚麻籽油对2型糖尿病小鼠的肠道菌群结构的作用,以及宿主肠道微环境改变对GLP-1代谢水平、改善胰岛素抵抗的影响,并且从G蛋白偶联受体等方面探索其调控机制。为发挥我国的资源优势,利用亚麻籽油进行营养保健,从营养干预角度防治2型糖尿病提供新的理论和策略依据。
目的 本研究深入探讨亚麻籽油对2型糖尿病小鼠的肠道菌群结构的作用,以及宿主肠道微环境改变对GLP-1代谢水平、改善胰岛素抵抗的影响,为2型糖尿病的营养治疗提供新思路。.方法 80只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常饮食组和高脂饮食组,每组40只。正常饮食组给予普通饲料喂养,高脂饮食组给予高脂饲料喂养12周建立肥胖2型糖尿病小鼠模型。第13周开始,分别观察补充亚麻籽油预和/或抗生素的影响,根据体重和血糖水平,正常饮食组随机分为4组,包括正常饮食组(CD)、亚麻籽油&正常饮食组(CD-FXO),正常饮食+抗生素组(CD-Ab)、亚麻籽油&正常饮食+抗生素组(CD-FXO-Ab),每组10只。高脂饮食组随机分为4组,包括高脂饮食组(HFD)、亚麻籽油&高脂饮食组(HFD-FXO),高脂饮食+抗生素组(HFD-Ab)、亚麻籽油&高脂饮食+抗生素组(HFD-FXO-Ab),每组10只。.喂养24周后观察体重、体成分、血糖和血脂变化,使用ELISA方法检测血浆胰岛素和GLP-1水平。使用Real time-PCR方法检测GCPRs mRNA表达水平。提取肠道内容物菌群的16Sr DNA,通过Illumina Hi Seq高通量测序,对测序结果采用生物信息学分析。应用 GC -MS方法检测各组小鼠血液中代谢物,各组小鼠血液进行代谢组学的分析。. 结果 本项目研究结果显示,补充富含n-3 脂肪酸的亚麻籽油可以显著改善2型糖尿病小鼠的体重、组织重量、脂质代谢、空腹和餐后血糖控制水平,同时表现为降低空腹胰岛素水平。补充亚麻籽油可增加2型糖尿病小鼠GLP-1分泌水平,显著降低空腹Leptin、空腹GIP和餐后30minGIP水平,增加肠道组织中GPR40、GPR41和GPR120表达水平。补充亚麻籽油对的肠道内容物微生物多样性有影响,增加乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)、乳酸球菌(Lactococcus)和faecalibaculum相对丰度。补充亚麻籽油主要与苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成、α-亚麻酸和亚油酸的代谢路径有关。.结论 补充富含n-3脂肪酸的亚麻籽油可以改善2 型糖尿病小鼠的体重、糖脂代谢水平、改善胰岛β细胞功能,促进GLP-1分泌及其受体GCPRs表达,改善肠道微生物结构,改变相关代谢通路,从而为2型糖尿病的精准营养治疗提供理论依据和新思路。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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