液体灌注型海洋防污涂层的热致相分离法构筑及表界面调控

Marine biofouling has detrimental effects on shipping and marine engineering equipment, and a variety of fouling-resistant coatings have been developed and applied to address this issue. Liquid-infused coating, an emerging bio-inspired anti-fouling material, shows great potential in the protection of ships and equipment against marine biofouling. Unfortunately, most of the current fabrication strategies cannot enable their application to large-scale structures, and the underwater stability of infused liquid layer is poor under a dynamic environment. This project proposes to develop a polyvinylidene fluoride-based liquid-infused coating with an asymmetric porous structure by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) under asymmetric environment, which is easy to scale up and stable under water. The porous structures will be regulated by the thermodynamic parameters of phase separation, and the mechanisms will be elucidated by monitoring the phase separation process. The effects of porous structures on surface properties will be investigated by analyzing the dynamic liquid infusing process. The relationship among coating structure and properties, infused-liquid stability, and anti-fouling performance will be in-depth explored, and interactions between marine organisms and coating surface will be revealed, providing a guidance to the design of novel long-term stable, high-performance liquid-infused anti-fouling coatings.

海洋生物污损严重影响船舶与海工装备的长期服役性能，解决这一问题的有效途径之一是发展并应用水下防污涂层。液体灌注涂层是一种极具潜力的仿生防污材料，但其应用过程中存在难以大面积制备与灌注液层水下稳定性不足两大难题。本项目旨在通过热致相分离过程构筑多孔涂层，利用非对称分相环境实现表面多孔、底层致密的非对称结构，以此为基础发展一种可大面积制备、水下稳定的聚偏氟乙烯基液体灌注型涂层。本项目通过系统调控相分离热力学与动力学参数，实现不同孔结构的精准构筑；原位监控相分离过程，阐明涂层在非对称环境下的分相机理；监测液体灌注动态过程，揭示孔结构与灌注液性质对涂层界面性质的影响；深入探讨涂层结构与表面性质-水下液层稳定性-涂层防污性的内在关联，阐明水环境中涂层界面与污损生物的相互作用机制，为长效、稳定的新型液体灌注防污涂层的设计提供理论指导。

液体灌注超滑涂层是一种新型仿生低粘附涂层，在海洋腐蚀与生物污损防防护领域均具有广泛的应用前景。然而，传统的液体灌注涂层的制备过程通常包括三个步骤：粗糙/多孔结构的构建、表面疏水改性及润滑液灌注。不仅步骤繁琐，且常受限于基底材料，难以大面积制备。为了解决上述问题，本项目以热致分相过程为基础，开展聚合物基液体灌注超滑涂层的简便制备与构效关系研究，主要取得以下三项成果：1.发展了聚偏氟乙烯基液体灌注涂层，该涂层表现出优异的防污、防腐与自修复特性；2.为实现液体灌注涂层的一步法制备，提出了“内源型”液体灌注涂层的概念，不同于向多孔结构中灌注润滑剂，涂层多孔结构在润滑液中自发生长形成。基于这一思路，发展了聚丙烯基二元/三元非极性液体灌注涂层及聚氨酯基的离子液体灌注涂层,并利用分子模拟、原位观测等手段揭示了分相机理，涂层展现出较传统液体灌注涂层更为优异的液层稳定性;3.在上述研究基础上，进一步引入热可逆固-液转化灌注层，利用聚丙烯多孔结构实现液体限域流动，构建了一种新型可水下原位修复的防腐涂层。上述研究为新型液体灌注防污涂层与水下自修复防腐涂层提供了新思路。