基于全极化和紧缩极化SAR图像的地物变化检测理论和方法研究

Change detection plays an important role in many remote sensing applications. Recently, with the rapid development of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, change detection from polarimetric SAR images has become increasingly important as a hot research topic at home and abroad. However, there still exist many problems needed to be solved and fully studied in related aspects. For example, in the detection strategies, most methodologies developed in polarimetric SAR are the classical pixel-based, and there are only a few methods developed in the region-based category. In the aspect of using new Earth observation mode, little research can be found in the literature for change detection from compact polarimetric SAR, which was proposed in 2005. Hence, in view of the research condition and current problems, this proposal will focus on developing the change detection methods in both fully and compact polarimetric SAR imagery. The main study contents include establishment of target scattering characterization models and polarimetric feature extraction, the optimal polarimetric contrast technique-based constant false alarm rate (CFAR) change detectors, image segmentation-based change detection methods, and performance assessments of fully and compact polarimetric SAR images for change detection applications. Since both compact and fully polarimetric SAR systems are on board of satellites and being planned, study results of this proposal will have not only important theory contributions but also practical application values.

变化检测技术在遥感观测的很多应用中都起着重要作用。近年来，随着极化合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar, SAR）系统的快速发展，基于极化SAR图像的变化检测逐渐成为国内外研究新热点。但目前，相关方面还存在很多问题，如：在检测策略方面，当前极化SAR变化检测主要是基于像素的研究，基于区域的检测方法研究较少；在观测新技术方面，尚缺少针对紧缩极化SAR模式（2005年提出）的变化检测方法研究。本课题将针对当前全极化和紧缩极化SAR图像变化检测研究现状和存在的问题展开研究，内容包括目标物理散射特性建模和极化特征提取、基于最优极化对比技术的变化检测方法、基于图像分割的变化检测方法、以及紧缩极化和全极化SAR变化检测的应用效果评价等。由于多个星载SAR系统已经具有或计划搭载全极化和紧缩极化SAR成像模式，因此，本课题研究具有重要的理论意义和实际应用前景。

变化检测技术在遥感观测的很多应用中都起着重要作用。近年来，随着极化合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar, SAR）系统的快速发展，基于极化SAR图像的变化检测逐渐成为国内外研究新热点。课题针对全极化和紧缩极化SAR图像变化检测研究现状和存在的问题展开研究，内容包括目标物理散射特性建模和极化特征提取、基于最优极化对比技术的变化检测方法、基于图像分割的变化检测方法、以及紧缩极化和全极化SAR变化检测的应用效果评价等。.在本课题的支持下，我们提出了全新的目标物理散射机制解译方法、提出了精细全极化图像分割方法、提出了基于最优极化理论的变化检测方法、全面评价了现有典型变化检测方法在不同场景中的应用性能。共发表论文41篇、出版专著2部（其中1部正在出版）、获批专利1个。在本课题部分相关内容支持下，项目负责人获得了第十三届国际三航大会青年科学家奖（2017），项目组获得了2020年北京市自然科学奖1等奖。.由于多个星载SAR系统已经具有或计划搭载全极化和紧缩极化SAR成像模式，因此，本课题研究具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。