晋南煤矿废弃地恢复演替过程中土壤动物多样性及功能群格局调节机理

Diversity of soil fauna functional groups were affected by changes of species and structures of vegetation during succession and restoration in coal post-mining sites. However, little was known of how diversity of soil fauna functional groups were affected and controlled by procession of succession and restoration. A manipulative experiment including wild sampling and analysis in lab, were conducted in Huoxi mine in Southern Shanxi to analysis soil fauna functional groups and biotic and abotic environmental factors during four different succession and restoration post-mining sites. Three questions were addressed: (1) characteristics of distribution and diversity of soil fauna functional groups during four different succession sites; (2) reaction of distribution and diversity of soil fauna functional groups to vegetation, litter, soil microbe, soil physical and chemical property; (3) responses of mechanism of soil fauna functional groups to four different succession and restoration in coal post-mining sites. Responses of distribution and diversity of soil fauna functional groups to process of succession in coal post-mining sites will be revealed, and impact among aboveground vegetation, belowground biotic and abiotic environmental factors and diversity soil fauna functional groups also will be explored in this program. The findings will provide implications to support development of ecosystem restoration and promote theories and methods of soil fauna biodiversity in restoration of destroyed ecosystem.

在煤矿废弃地，恢复演替过程中地表植被种类和组成的不断变化，对地下土壤动物功能群多样性及格局产生了重要的影响。目前对演替过程如何影响和调控土壤动物功能群多样性的形成与调节机理的认识非常有限。本项目以晋南霍西煤田废弃地为研究对象，通过野外调查不同恢复演替阶段土壤动物功能群与生物和非生物环境因子的控制实验，及室内分析和理论分析等方法，主要研究：（1）恢复演替过程中土壤动物多样性及功能群分布格局特征；（2）土壤动物功能群及多样性对地上植被、地表凋落物、地下土壤微生物及土壤性质的响应；（3）土壤动物功能群对恢复演替过程的响应机理。通过本项目的研究，揭示土壤动物功能群对煤矿废弃地恢复演替过程的响应规律，探索地上植被与地下生物和非生物环境因子对土壤动物功能群多样性特征的影响和调控机理，为我国生态系统恢复及多样性保护和管理提供地下生态学理论依据，促进受损生态系统恢复过程中生物多样性理论和研究方法的发展。

在煤矿废弃地，恢复演替过程中地表植被种类和组成的不断变化，对地下土壤动物功能群多样性及格局产生了重要的影响。目前对演替过程如何影响和调控土壤动物功能群多样性的形成与调节机理的认识非常有限。在项目执行期间，通过多次野外定点采集全面获取了晋南煤矿废弃地恢复演替过程中土壤动物的标本，分析了多样性特征及功能群分布规律；通过对土壤动物多样性及其功能群与植被、土壤微生物群落、凋落物特征及土壤理化性质的关系分析，尝试解析了恢复演替过程中土壤动物多样性及其功能群多样性对地上植被与地下环境因子的响应；综合地上和地下生物和非生物因子的变化，从多角度讨论了土壤动物功能群对废弃地恢复过程的响应机理。通过本项目的实施，全面掌握了不同恢复方式和不同恢复年限废弃地大型土壤动物群落和地表节肢动物群落的区系组成和分布情况，从多样性、与环境因子关系及时空变化规律多个角度深入探讨了土壤动物功能群多样性分布格局的成因，获得了土壤动物功能群随废弃地恢复方式和恢复年限的分布规律、生物和非生物因子对其群落特征的影响及其在废弃地恢复过程中群落构建的主导因子。本项目是我国废弃地恢复过程中土壤动物多样性形成及变化机理研究方向的一次重要新尝试，所获得的研究结果可以为地下生态系统恢复过程中生物多样性的保护提供重要的数据支持和有效的参考。