含典型缺陷新型干式煤气柜稳定与振动畸变缩尺模型及模型设计方法

New type dry gasholder has been widely used in large steel enterprises, which belongs to the composite shell steel structure from large space stiffened and thin-walled stuff. Hence, fatal impact for the safety operation of the gasholders will be produced by the latent defects. To a great extent, the significant problem of the buckling and vibration of the gasholders must be studied by the model tests. Generally, a prototype test or a fully similar scale test for this kind of structure is used in practical engineering. However, those trials harbor the limitations of high cost, long-term experiment period and great operation difficulty. Therefore, the distorted scale model is considered in this study. This project presents a typical defect structure model depending on the defect sensitivity analysis of new type dry gasholders containing typical defects by finite element simulation and model experiments, meeting the urgent needs of the distorted scale model in the application of gasholders with defects and similar structures. Based on the similarity method of the total energy of the structural system, we will establish the principle formula for the generalized similarity condition of buckling and vibration and distortion scale of body, top, piston and gasholder. By means of finite element simulation, theoretical analysis and experimental research, we can predict the distortion similarity prediction of buckling and vibration of body, top, piston and gasholder, and then put forward a model design method and scale principle formula for distortion scale model with concise and practical. All of the study above would provide theoretical support for the pre-research, design and safety assessment of the defective gasholder and some other similar structures.

新型干式煤气柜广泛应用于大型钢铁企业。它属于大型空间加筋薄壁组合壳体钢结构，存在缺陷将对结构的安全运行产生致命的影响。煤气柜显著的稳定与振动问题很大程度上必须通过模型试验来研究。然而，实际工程中该类结构直接采用原型试验或完全相似缩尺试验，存在成本高、周期长和难度大等局限，因此考虑采用畸变缩尺模型进行研究。本项目针对畸变缩尺模型在含缺陷煤气柜及类似结构应用中的迫切需求，采用有限元仿真，对含缺陷新型干式煤气柜开展缺陷敏感性分析，并结合模型试验提出结构的典型缺陷模型；基于结构体系总能量的相似转换分析方法，建立柜体、柜顶、活塞和煤气柜稳定与振动的广义相似条件及畸变缩尺原理公式；采用有限元仿真、理论分析和试验研究相结合的手段，对结构进行稳定与振动的畸变相似预测，并提出简明、实用的畸变缩尺模型和模型设计方法；为含缺陷煤气柜及类似结构的预研、设计和建后结构安全评估提供理论支撑。

新型干式煤气柜属于大型空间加筋薄壁组合壳体，其广泛应用于大型钢铁企业，起到节约能源和保护环境的作用。该类结构的安全运行对人们的生命和财产至关重要。该大型特种钢结构显著的稳定与振动问题，必须通过缩尺模型试验来研究。本项目围绕含典型缺陷新型干式煤气柜稳定与振动的畸变缩尺模型及模型设计方法开展研究。主要研究了含酒窝缺陷、压痕缺陷或焊缝缺陷等典型缺陷，在单一荷载或组合荷载作用下纵环加筋圆柱壳(柜体)、径环加筋扁球壳(柜顶)的非线性稳定畸变缩尺模型及模型设计方法；建立了柜体、柜顶(或活塞)振动的畸变缩尺模型及模型设计方法；导出了光滑圆柱壳-球壳组合壳体稳定与振动的广义相似条件和缩尺原理；推导了纵环离散加筋圆柱壳弹塑性稳定的广义相似条件；依据刚度等效给出了柜体、柜顶(或活塞)加筋壳体的广义相似条件和模型设计方法，加工制作了煤气柜柜体、加筋圆柱曲板的缩尺模型试件，并进行了自振和强迫振动试验。本项目采用理论分析、数值模拟和试验研究相结合的手段，对新型干式煤气柜进行稳定与振动的畸变相似预测，并提出简明、实用的畸变缩尺模型及模型设计方法；为更大规格的新型干式煤气柜及类似结构的预研、设计和安全评估提供有益参考。