基于燃料电池系统集群的多源混合动力系统效率优化方法研究

Fuel cell powered tram is a new technology that could get rid of limitations of traction power system and possesses great technical advantages. While the great power and high reliability features of trams require parallel connections of multi fuel cell systems in a cluster structure, which raises a new scientific question: How to balance the power generated by the fuel cell systems in the cluster dynamically according to the changeful load in order to optimize gross system efficiency? Almost no research has been conducted internationally to date. Started from a fuel cell system efficiency optimization model with a method combined with theoretical model, simulated experiments and scale-down experiments, this project plans to study the relationship between dynamic efficiency of a fuel cell system and its output power, the fuel cell systems cluster start/stop and power sharing strategy, the influence of dynamic response features of energy storage systems on energy management strategy of a fuel cell systems cluster. Aim of this project is to validate the fuel cell systems cluster energy sharing strategy achieved, and put it into application in a real fuel cell hybrid tram we developed. This project starts a new research direction on fuel cell systems cluster, and the achievements could promote the commercialization process of fuel cell trams. So, research work of this project has great importance theoretically and significance realistically.

燃料电池有轨电车可摆脱牵引供电系统限制，技术优势明显，但其高功率、高可靠性特点要求多套燃料电池系统并联构成集群结构，这带来了新的科学问题：如何根据负载变化动态分配各燃料电池系统功率以实现集群效率整体最优？这一问题国际上尚处于研究空白。本项目拟从燃料电池系统效率优化综合模型出发，采用理论模型与模拟实验和缩比系统实验相结合的方法，研究燃料电池系统效率与功率之间的动态关系；研究燃料电池系统集群启停及功率动态分配策略；研究储能系统动态响应特性对系统集群能量管理策略的影响；最终将优化的系统集群能量管理策略在燃料电池混合动力有轨电车上进行整车验证和应用。本项目研究开启了燃料电池系统集群这一新的研究方向，研究成果可推动燃料电池有轨电车产业化进程，具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。

氢燃料电池被认为是有望替代汽柴油发动机的新能源技术，近年来成为发展热点。针对重载应用，单套燃料电池系统难以满足应用场景的功率要求，利用多套燃料电池系统构成系统集群成为必然选择，但是，如何根据负载变化动态分配集群中各燃料电池系统功率以实现集群效率整体优化成为急需解决的科学问题。本项目通过对燃料电池系统及多套系统构成的系统集群进行建模仿真，针对系统集群采取小干扰法、满意效率控制法、最有效率控制法等多种方法对燃料电池系统效率开展研究，得到了在实际系统集群中可以直接应用的效率优化方法，可以使系统集群效率在某些情况下可以提升5%以上的良好效果。本项目研究成果在燃料电池应急电源车、燃料电池重卡牵引车、轨道交通燃料电池系统集群等方面得到实际应用，效率提升效果显著。本项目研究成果可以在公路车辆、轨道交通、船舶、电力系统等各个领域得到实际应用。